Derbyshire is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Delia Derbyshire (1937–2001), British musician and composer
Eileen Derbyshire (born 1930), British character actress
Jonathan Derbyshire, British writer and author
John Derbyshire (born 1945), British-born American author and conservative essayist
John Derbyshire (swimmer) (1878–1938), English Olympian freestyle swimmer and water polo player
Matt Derbyshire (born 1986), English footballer for Nottingham Forest and England U-21
Paul Derbyshire (born 1986), Italian rugby union player
Victoria Derbyshire (born 1968), British journalist and radio broadcaster