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De Candolle system

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The De Candolle system is a system of plant taxonomy by French (Swiss) botanist Augustin Pyramus de Candolle (1778−1841).

Contents

History

The first taxonomic system by de Candolle, who introduced the term taxonomy, appeared in his description of the plants of France, his Flore française (1805–1815), in 5 volumes dealing with plant species found in France.

The De Candolle system is a subsequent taxonomic system.

  • It was originally published by de Candolle in the Théorie élémentaire de la botanique, ou exposition des principes de la classification naturelle et de l’art de décrire et d’etudier les végétaux (1813).
  • It was further developed and published in editions of the very extensive but unfinished Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis (Prodromus) (1824–1873), dealing only with dicotyledons.

    • The abbreviation Syst. in de Candolle's work and subsequent literature refers to his Regni vegetabilis systema naturale.

    Systems

    The De Candolle system recognises the following groups of vascular plants (references to Prodromus). Within the Prodromus he cross references his earlier Regni vegetabilis systema naturale.

    A general schema is laid out in the Regnii vegetabilis pp. 117–122, as follows:

    Plantae Vasculares seu Cotyledoneae DC.

  • classis I. DICOTYLEDONEÆ seu Exogenae [Part 1 p. 1]
  • classis II. MONOCOTYLEDONEÆ

    • Flore française

  • Vol I
  • Table of genera p. 57
  • Introduction (also published separately): Principes élémentaires de botanique p. 61ff.
  • Vol II
  • Class I: Acotylédones p. 1

    • 11 families

  • Family 11: Nayades
  • Vol III
  • Class II: Monocotylédonés Phanérogames p. 1
  • Family 12: Gramineae p. 1
  • Family 13: Cyperaceae p. 99
  • Family 14: Typhaceae p. 147
  • Family 15: Aroideae p. 150
  • Family 16: Junceae p. 155
  • Family 17: Asparageae p. 172
  • Family 18: Alismaceae p. 181
  • Family 19: Colchicaceae p. 192
  • Family 20: Liliaceae p. 198
  • Ordre I: Liliacées p. 199
  • Ordre II: Asphodèles p. 204
  • Ordre III: Narcisses p. 229
  • Family 21: Irideae p. 235
  • Family 22: Orchideae p. 243
  • Family 23: Hydrocharideae p. 265
  • Class III: Dicotylédonés p. 269

    • Vol IV - 2 parts Vol V

    Théorie élémentaire de la botanique

    List of De Candolle system families recognized in the Théorie élémentaire de la botanique (1813), on page 213:

  • I. VÉGÉTAUX VASCULAIRES OU COTYLÉDONÉS p. 213 (113 families)
  • 1. Exogènes ou dicotylédones p. 213
  • 2. Endogènes ou monocotylédonés p. 219
  • A. Phanérogames p. 219 (21 families)
  • 114. Cycadées p. 219
  • 124. Amaryllidées
  • 128. Liliacées
  • 1. Asparagées
  • 2. Trilliacées
  • 3. Asphodelées
  • 4. Bromeliées
  • 5. Tulipacées
  • 135. Graminées
  • B. Cryptogames p. 220 (4 families)
  • II. VÉGÉTAUX CELLULAIRES OU ACOTYLÉDONÉS p. 220 (6 families)

    • Prodromus

    The De Candolle system families were further developed in the Prodromus (1824–1873).

    Note that this system was published well before there were internationally accepted rules for botanical nomenclature. Here, a family is indicated as "ordo". Terminations for families were not what they are now. Neither of these phenomena is a problem from a nomenclatural perspective, the present day ICBN provides for this.

    Within the dicotyledons ("classis prima DICOTYLEDONEÆ") the De Candolle system recognises (Pagination from Prodromus, 17 Parts) the list:

    (Index to Part I p. 741)

    Subclassis II. CALYCIFLORÆ [Parts II - VII]

  • Kalmia (728)
    • Ledeae (729) ordo CXV. EPACRIDEÆ (Page 734) ordo CXVI. PYROLACEÆ ordo CXVII. FRANCOACEÆ ordo CXVIII. MONOTROPEÆ (Page 779)

    Other

    Somewhat inconsistently the Prodromus also treats:

  • GYMNOSPERMÆ [Part XVI(2)], (Page 345) ordo CXCVIII. GNETACEÆ (Page 347) ordo CXCIX. CONIFERÆ (Page 361) ordo CC. CYCADACEÆ (Pages 522 - 547)
  • incertæ sedis ordo (dubiæ affin.) LENNOACEÆ ordo (affin. dubiæ) PODOSTEMACEÆ ordo num.? CYTINACEÆ ordo incertae sedis BALANOPHORACEÆ

    • (Overall Index Part XVII Page 323)

    References

    De Candolle system Wikipedia
    (Text) CC BY-SA