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Dai Zhuang language

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Native to
  
China

Native speakers
  
100,000 (2008)

Region
  
Wenshan Prefecture

Glottolog
  
daiz1235

Language family
  
Tai–KadaiTaiZuojiang–SouthwestNung–ThaiWenma–SouthwesternTày (Central Tai)Dai Zhuang

ISO 639-3
  
Either:zhd – Dai Zhuangtyl – Thu Lao (duplicate code)

Dai Zhuang is a Tai language spoken in Wenshan Prefecture, Yunnan, China, in Yanshan, Wenshan, Maguan, Malipo, Guangnan counties. It is also spoken in Honghe Prefecture and Vietnam. The largest concentrations are in Wenshan (50% of total Zhuang population) and Yanshan (20% of total Zhuang population) counties (Johnson 2011b).

Contents

Names

Below are various names (both autonyms and exonyms) for speakers of Dai Zhuang (Johnson 2011a:43).

  • Pu Dai (濮岱)
  • IPA: [pʰu˥ ʔdaːi˧˩, pʰu˨ taːi˩]
  • Tuliao, Tulao (土僚、土老)
  • Tuzu (土族)
  • Pulao, Puliao (濮僚; ancient Chinese ethnonym)

    • Subdivisions and distribution

    Johnson (2011b) splits Dai Zhuang into 4 dialects according to tonal splitting patterns: Northern, Central, Southern, and Northeastern. They roughly correspond with the following ethnic subdivisions (Johnson 2011a).

  • Northern: Piled Headdress Tu (Da Tou Tu, 搭头土, Daigelai, Black Tulao). Spoken in northern Wenshan and western Yanshan counties.
  • Central: Flat Headdress Tu (Ping Tou Tu, 平头土, River Bank Tulao). Spoken around the city of Wenshan, and in central Wenshan County’s Panzhihua (攀枝花) Township.
  • Southern: Pointed Headdress Tu (Jian Tou Tu, 尖头土). Spoken in Malipo and Maguan counties.
  • Northeastern: Slanted Headdress Tu (Pian Tou Tu, 偏头土). Spoken in Guangnan and eastern Yanshan counties.

    • In Vietnam, Thu Lao (autonym: La Hừ, meaning 'black earth') is spoken in the following 7 villages (Nguyễn 2014:14).

  • Mường Khương District, Lào Cai Province
  • Tả Gia Khâu Commune
  • La Hờ (48 households, 228 individuals)
  • La Măng (26 households, 123 individuals)
  • Lũng Thắng (15 households, 71 individuals)
  • Tào Túng, Thanh Bình Commune, Mường Khương District, Lào Cai Province (5 households, 28 individuals)
  • Si Ma Cai District, Lào Cai Province
  • Sin Chải, Thảo Chư Phìn Commune (42 households, 199 individuals)
  • Khuốn Pống, Bản Mộ Commune (29 households, 138 individuals)
  • Tả Chải, Nà Sán Commune (71 households, 337 individuals)

    • Jerold Edmondson describes Thu Lao as a Central Tai language with about 200 speakers that retains voiced initial consonants in low tones, like Tay of Trùng Khánh District, Cao Bằng Province.

    Phonology

    Many Dai Zhuang dialects preserve voiced stops inherited from Proto-Tai (L-Thongkum 1997). L-Thongkum calls the dialects with the voiced stops "Dai Tho," and the dialects without any voiced stops "Tai Tho."

    References

    Dai Zhuang language Wikipedia
    (Text) CC BY-SA


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