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Full case name DPP v Morgan, DPP v McDonald, DPP v McLarty, DPP v Parker Citation(s) [1975] 2 WLR 913; [1976] AC 182 Court Judicial functions of the House of Lords Judge sittings Geoffrey Cross, Baron Cross of Chelsea Similar R v Cheshire, Fagan v Metropolitan Police Co, R v Blaue, R v Jordan, Woolmington v DPP | ||
DPP v Morgan [1975] UKHL 3, [1976] AC 182, [1975] 2 WLR 913, [1975] 2 All ER 347, 61 Cr App R 136, [1975] Crim LR 717 was a 1975 decision of the House of Lords which decided that an honest belief by a man that a woman with whom he was engaged with sexual intercourse was consenting was a defence to rape, irrespective of whether that belief was based on reasonable grounds. It remained the law until the enactment of the Sexual Offences Act 2003.
Contents
Case history
Flight lieutenant Morgan was an officer in the RAF. On the night of 15 August 1973 he was drinking in Wolverhampton with three junior colleagues. He invited the three of them to his house, ostensibly in order to have sexual intercourse with his wife, Daphne. The friends later claimed that Morgan told them that his wife was "kinky", and would feign protest (Morgan himself denied this). At the time the wife was sleeping separately from her husband, and was sleeping with her 11 year old son in his bed when the defendants came into the case. The four men forcibly overcame the wife's resistance, dragged her from her son's bed, and each one had forcible intercourse without her consent whilst the others held her. She initially screamed for her son and his older brother to call the police, but in her evidence she said the men clamped her nose and mouth with their hands to choke her till she submitted. After the ordeal she went directly to the police.
The men were charged with rape, and Morgan was charged with aiding and abetting the others to commit rape. He was not charged with rape because at the time it was believed that a husband has an absolute defence in law by virtue of being married to the victim.
Trial
At trial the three men pleaded that they had honestly believed that Mrs Morgan had consented to sexual intercourse.
They were tried at Stafford Crown Court at a trial presided over by Mr Justice Kenneth Jones.
The trial judge directed the jury that the defendants would not be guilty of rape if they honestly believed that the woman was consenting and that belief in consent was reasonably held. On 24 January 1974 the jury convicted all four and they appealed.
House of Lords
The House of Lords found honest, mistaken belief in the victim's consent need not be reasonable to rebut a charge of rape.
While the defendants won their legal argument, their convictions were nonetheless upheld. The judges found that no reasonable jury would have ever acquitted the defendants even had they been correctly directed by the trial judge as to the law, and so applying "the proviso" they upheld the convictions.
Criticism
Notwithstanding the conviction of the defendants, feminist academic lawyer Professor Jennifer Temkin famously referred to the decision in DPP v Morgan as a "rapist's charter".