Currentology is a science that studies the internal movements of water masses.
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Description
During study of fluid mechanics, researchers attempted to give a correct vision of maritime currents. The origin of currents is owed to physical differences between various water masses, the main parameter being the difference of density that varies in function of the temperature and the concentration of salt.
The study of these currents, combined with other factors such as tides (producing a change in sea level) and wind (originally swell) for understanding the marine hydrodynamics and different processes which are linked there as sediment movement and the climate balance.
The measurement of maritime currents
The measurements of maritime currents can be made according to different techniques:
References
Currentology Wikipedia(Text) CC BY-SA