Kingdom Animalia Order Squamata Family Crotaphytidae Scientific name Crotaphytus reticulatus Rank Species | Phylum Chordata Suborder Iguania Genus Crotaphytus Higher classification Crotaphytus | |
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Similar Crotaphytus, Reptile, Sonoran collared lizard, Crotaphytinae, Baja California collared li | ||
Crotaphytus reticulatus, the reticulate collared lizard, is a moderately sized lizard native to semiarid, rocky regions of the Tamaulipan mezquital. Its range includes the American state of Texas and the Mexican states of Coahuila, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas. Of all the species in its family, Crotaphytidae, C. reticulatus is the only one not restricted to rocky habitats.
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Description
Crotaphytus reticulatus is a tan to brown lizard with reticulations covering most of its dorsum, limbs, and tail. Some of these reticulations are filled with black pigmentation. Unlike the rest of Crotaphytus, there is no color difference between males and females except during the breeding season. During this time, males develop a bright yellow coloration on their chests. The collars on C. reticulatus are faint and the anterior collar is complete ventrally. The dewlap, or gular area, is a greenish-gray with black pigmentation in the center. The gular area of the female is white to yellow without the black pigmentation in the center. Symmetrical black spots fill in some of the pattern. The ventral surface is white or a cream color. They can grow to a length of 41 cm (16 in). They are sexually dimorphic during breeding season; the males have a black collar around their neck, and yellow chest and throat markings. Females develop orange bars along their undersides when gravid. Collared lizards have small pockets at the base of the tail and folds of skin above the front legs. Mites and chiggers gather in these areas. C. reticulatus lacks the postfemoral mite pockets present in the rest of the genus. This suggests this genus broke away from the ancestral group first. C. reticulatus has black oral melanin and black femoral pore secretions, the rest of the genus, except C. antiquus, has gray secretions.
Behavior
Collared lizards are diurnal and primarily carnivorous, feeding on invertebrates and other small prey, even other lizards. They spend most of their time perched on rocks, basking in the sun, but are generally quick to flee if approached. C. reticulatus spends its life on the ground much like the closely related leopard lizards. When threatened, it will take refuge in rodent burrows and under brush.
Conservation concerns
This species range is declining due to habitat destruction and possibly climate change. The reticulated collared lizard is the only crotaphytid species in the United States that is protected from collection.