Kingdom Bacteria Rank Class | Phylum Actinobacteria | |
The Coriobacteriia are a class of Gram-positive bacteria within the Actinobacteria phylum. Species within this group are nonsporulating, strict or facultative anaerobes that are capable of thriving in a diverse set of ecological niches. Gordonibacter species are the only members capable of motility by means of flagella within the class. Several species within the Coriobacteriia class have been implicated with human diseases that range in severity. Atopobium, Olsenella, and Cryptobacterium species have responsible for human oral infections including periodontitis, halitosis, and other endodontic infections. Eggerthella species have been associated with severe blood bacteraemia and ulcerative colitis.
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Taxonomy
The Coriobacteriia class currently consists of 16 genera within two orders and three families. The Coriobacteriales order consists of two families, the Coriobacteriaceae and Atopobiaceae. The Coriobacteriaceae family contains the Collinsella, Coriobacterium, Enorma, Parvibacter, and Senegalimassilia genera, while the Atopobiaceae contain Atopobium and Olsenella. The Eggerthellaceae consist of a single family (Eggerthellaceae) and the remaining Coriobacteriia genera (Adlercreutzia , Asaccharobacter, Cryptobacterium, Denitrobacterium, Eggerthella, Enterorhabdus, Gordonibacter, Paraeggerthella, and Slackia).
Molecular signatures and phylogenetic position
Historically, all Coriobacteriia species were placed within a single order (Coriobacteriales) and a single family (Coriobacteriaceae). This view, however, was not reflective of accurate evolutionary interrelationships within the class. The current taxonomic view is justified by the presence of several conserved signature indels (CSIs) that have been found at the different taxonomic ranks. These CSIs are specific and represent synapomorphic characteristics that can be used to distinguish groups within the Coriobacteriia, both at the family and order levels. The distinction of the orders within the Coriobacteriia is also supported phylogenetic tree branching and by consistent characteristics; members belonging to the Coriobacteriales are glucose-fermenting, saccharolytic species while the Eggerthellales order has species that are consistently unable to ferment glucose and are asaccharolytic.
CSIs have also been used to resolve the phylogenetic position of the Coriobacteriia among all bacteria where they have been found exclusively for all species within the class, delineating them from other Actinobacteria. The Coriobacteriia are an early branching lineage within the Actinobacteria phylum The deep branching of the class has led to dispute over its membership within the phylum and whether or not it is a true actinobacterial group. A CSI in the form of a single amino acid insert in the enzyme deoxyuridine 59-triphosphate (dUTP) nucleotidohydrolase has been found that is shared by all Coriobacteriia members, as well as several Actinobacteria species, and absent from all other bacteria. This CSI provides unambiguous support for Coriobacteriia’s membership within the Actinobacteria.
Phylogeny
The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).