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Constitution of Mongolia (Mongolian: Монгол Улсын Үндсэн Хууль, Mongol Ulsīn Ündsen Húlĭ, "General Law of the Mongolian State") is the constitution of Mongolia.
Contents
It was adopted on January 13, 1992, put into force on February 12, and amended in 1999 and 2001. The new constitution established a representative democracy in Mongolia, guaranteeing freedom of religion, rights, travel, expression, unalienable rights, government setup, election cycle, and other matters. It was written after the 1990 Mongolian democratic revolution that dissolved the Mongolian People's Republic. It consists of a preamble followed by six chapters divided into 70 articles.
The document is pretty close to and/or inspired by Western constitutions in terms of freedom of press, inalienable rights, freedom to travel, and other rights.
Previous constitutions had been adopted in 1924, 1940 and 1960.
Chapter One
Declares the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Mongolian state. Defines relationship between religion and state. Defines Mongolian emblem, flag, and anthem.
Chapter Two
Specifies the civil, political, and human rights of the individual. Freedom of religion, of expression, of the press, the right to vote. Equality before the law. The right to Health care, education, and intellectual property. Also lists duties of the citizen, including paying taxes and serving in the armed forces.
Chapter Three
Defines the structure of the legal system and form of the republic. Describes the structure of the government.
Chapter Four
Codifies the administrative districts of Mongolia and describes the relationship between national and local government.
Chapter Five
Establishes a Constitutional Court to make rulings on interpretation of the constitution.
Chapter Six
Describes the amendment process for changing the constitution.