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Color–flavor locking

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Color–flavor locking (CFL) is a phenomenon that is expected to occur in ultra-high-density strange matter, a form of quark matter. The quarks form Cooper pairs, whose color properties are correlated with their flavor properties in a one-to-one correspondence between three color pairs and three flavor pairs. According to the Standard Model of particle physics, the color-flavor-locked phase is the highest-density phase of three-flavor matter.

Contents

Color-flavor-locked Cooper pairing

If each quark is represented as ψ i α , with color index α taking values 1, 2, 3 corresponding to red, green, and blue, and flavor index i taking values 1, 2, 3 corresponding to up, down, and strange, then the color-flavor-locked pattern of Cooper pairing is

⟨ ψ i α C γ 5 ψ j β ⟩ ∝ δ i α δ j β − δ j α δ i β = ϵ α β A ϵ i j A

This means that a Cooper pair of an up quark and a down quark must have colors red and green, and so on. This pairing pattern is special because it leaves a large unbroken symmetry group.

Physical properties

The CFL phase has several remarkable properties.

  • It breaks chiral symmetry.
  • It is a superfluid.
  • It is an electromagnetic insulator, in which there is a "rotated" photon, containing a small admixture of one of the gluons.
  • It has the same symmetries as sufficiently dense hyperonic matter.

    • There are several variants of the CFL phase, representing distortions of the pairing structure in response to external stresses such as a difference between the mass of the strange quark and the mass of the up and down quarks.

    References

    Color–flavor locking Wikipedia
    (Text) CC BY-SA


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