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Madrid and its metropolitan area has a cold semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification: Bsk) with continental influences, with mild cool winters and hot summers. According to Troll-Paffen climate classification, Madrid has warm-temperate subtropical climate (Warmgemäßigt-subtropisches Zonenklima) and according to Siegmund/Frankenberg climate classification, Madrid has subtropical climate.
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General
Its average annual temperature is 19.4 °C (66.9 °F) during the day and 9.7 °C (49.5 °F) at night. In the coldest month – January, typically the temperature ranges from 5 to 15 °C (41 to 59 °F) during the day and −2 to 6 °C (28 to 43 °F) at night. In the warmest month – August, the typical temperature is around 31 °C (88 °F) during the day and about 19 °C (66 °F) at night.
Winter
Winters in Madrid are cold compared to other parts of Spain with average temperatures of about 6-8 °C (43-46 °F) and the coldest month is January 6 °C (43 °F). The temperature during the day is around 10 °C-15 °C (50-59 °F), and the temperatures during the night often gets below 0 °C (32 °F) although snow is fairly rare.
Summer
The summers in Madrid can get very hot. During July and August, the hottest months, the daytime temperature will sometimes get below 30 °C (86 °F). It is not uncommon to have temperatures above 40 °C (104 °F).
Sunshine
Sunshine duration is 2,769 hours per year, from 124 - average about 4 hours of sunshine at day in December to 359 - average above 11.6 hours of sunshine at day in July. This is one of the largest number of sunshine duration hours in Europe and this is a bit above average for the southern half of Europe because in this part of the continent, sunshine duration varies from about 2,000 to about 3,000 hours per year. However, this is 70% larger value than in northern half of Europe, where sunshine duration is around 1500 hours per year. In winter Madrid has about three times more sun duration than in the northern half of Europe.
Precipitation
Madrid has on average only 63 precipitation days a year, therein average several rainy days per month (≥ 1 mm), ranging from 2 days in July and August to 8 days in May. The average annual precipitation is less than 436 mm (17.87 inches), ranging from 10 mm (0.35 inch) in Austust to 56 mm in November and December.
Humidity
Average relative humidity is 57%, ranging from 39% in July to 74% in December.
Snow
Snowfalls are rare, sporadic, to few days per year. In January 1941 reported record: 8 of snow days in the month.
Temperature extremes
The highest temperature recorded during the day is 40.6 °C (105.1 °F) on the 10 August 2012. On the August 1933 reported record, the average maximum temperature during the day was 35.5 °C (95.9 °F). The coldest temperature recorded was −10.1 °C (13.8 °F) at night on 16 January 1945.
Daylight
Madrid enjoys one of the most optimal number of hours of daylight in Europe. Days in winter are not as short as in the northern part of the continent, the average hours of daylight in December, January and February is 10 hours (for comparison: London or Moscow or Warsaw - about 8 hours).
Curio
Madrid has a similar latitude as Valencia or Lisbon, however, the climate of these Iberian cities is different. Madrid is located in the hinterland on the highland, Valencia and Lisbon are located on the coast. Valencia and Lisbon have much warmer winters (data from January, the coldest month):
and also Valencia and Lisbon have longer summers and milder temperatures in the middle of summer during the day.