Chromosome 10 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 10 spans about 133 million base pairs (the building material of DNA) and represents between 4 and 4.5 percent of the total DNA in cells.
Identifying genes on each chromosome is an active area of genetic research. Because researchers use different approaches to genome annotation their predictions of the number of genes on each chromosome varies. In January 2017, two estimates differed by 13%, with one estimate giving 2,174 genes, and the other estimate giving 1,899 genes.
The following are some of the genes located on chromosome 10:
ALOX5: Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase (processes essential fatty acids to leukotrienes, which are important agents in the inflammatory response; also facilitates development and maintenance of cancer stem cells, slow-dividing cells thought to give rise to a variety of cancers, including leukemia)
ARID5B: encoding protein AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 5B
AS3MT: encoding enzyme Arsenite methyltransferase
AVPI1: encoding protein Arginine vasopressin-induced protein 1
C10orf118: encoding protein Uncharacterized protein C10orf118
CAMK1D: calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase ID
CDH23: cadherin-like 23
CXCL12: chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12, SDF-1, scyb12
EGR2: early growth response 2 (Krox-20 homolog, Drosophila)
ERCC6: excision repair cross-complementing rodent repair deficiency, complementation group 6
FGFR2: fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (bacteria-expressed kinase, keratinocyte growth factor receptor, craniofacial dysostosis 1, Crouzon syndrome, Pfeiffer syndrome, Jackson–Weiss syndrome)
HELLS: Lymphoid-specific helicase
PCBD1: 6-pyruvoyl-tetrahydropterin synthase/dimerization cofactor of hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 alpha (TCF1)
PCDH15: protocadherin 15
PTEN gene: phosphatase and tensin homolog (mutated in multiple advanced cancers 1)
RET: ret proto-oncogene (multiple endocrine neoplasia and medullary thyroid carcinoma 1, Hirschsprung disease)
UROS: uroporphyrinogen III synthase (congenital erythropoietic porphyria)
PROSER2: proline and serine rich 2 or c10orf47
Diseases and disorders
The following diseases are related to genes on chromosome 10:
Apert syndrome
Beare-Stevenson cutis gyrata syndrome
Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease
Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease, type 1
Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease, type 4
Cockayne syndrome
congenital erythropoietic porphyria
Cowden syndrome
Crouzon syndrome
Glioblastoma Multiforme
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome
Hirschprung disease
Jackson–Weiss syndrome
multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2
nonsyndromic deafness
nonsyndromic deafness, autosomal recessive
Pfeiffer syndrome
porphyria
tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency
Thiel–Behnke corneal dystrophy
Usher syndrome
Usher syndrome type I
Wolman syndrome
