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Chromium(II) acetate

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Formula
  
C8H16Cr2O10

Density
  
1.79 g/cm³

Molar mass
  
229.13 g/mol

Appearance
  
brick-red solid

Chromium(II) acetate ChromiumII Acetate

Related compounds
  
Rh2(OAc)4(H2O)2Cu2(OAc)4(H2O)2, molybdenum(II) acetate

Synthesis of chromium ii acetate


Chromium(II) acetate hydrate, also known as chromous acetate, is the coordination compound with the formula Cr2(CH3CO2)4(H2O)2. This formula is commonly abbreviated Cr2(OAc)4(H2O)2. This red-coloured compound features a quadruple bond. The preparation of chromous acetate once was a standard test of the synthetic skills of students due to its sensitivity to air and the dramatic colour changes that accompany its oxidation. It exists as the dihydrate and the anhydrous forms.

Contents

Chromium(II) acetate httpsuploadwikimediaorgwikipediacommonsthu

Cr2(OAc)4(H2O)2 is a reddish diamagnetic powder, although diamond-shaped tabular crystals can be grown. Consistent with the fact that it is nonionic, Cr2(OAc)4(H2O)2 exhibits poor solubility in water and methanol.

Chromium(II) acetate Filtration of the final product Chromium II Acetate Hydrate YouTube

Structure

Chromium(II) acetate Patent US20100133113 Chromiumvifree black passivation of

The Cr2(OAc)4(H2O)2 molecule contains two atoms of chromium, two ligated molecules of water, and four monoanionic acetate bridging ligands. The coordination environment around each chromium atom consists of four oxygen atoms (one from each acetate ligand) in a square, one water molecule (in an axial position), and the other chromium atom (opposite the water molecule), giving each chromium centre an octahedral geometry. The chromium atoms are joined together by a quadruple bond, and the molecule has D4h symmetry (ignoring the position of the hydrogen atoms). The same basic structure is adopted by Rh2(OAc)4(H2O)2 and Cu2(OAc)4(H2O)2, although these species do not have such short M–M contacts.

Chromium(II) acetate 14976808ChromiumII acetate dimer monohydrateSigma Aldrichdi

The quadruple bond between the two chromium atoms arises from the overlap of four d-orbitals on each metal with the same orbitals on the other metal: the dz2 orbitals overlap to give a sigma bonding component, the dxz and dyz orbitals overlap to give two pi bonding components, and the dxy orbitals give a delta bond. This quadruple bond is also confirmed by the low magnetic moment and short intermolecular distance between the two atoms of 236.2 ± 0.1 pm. The Cr–Cr distances are even shorter, 184 pm being the record, when the axial ligand is absent or the carboxylate is replaced with isoelectronic nitrogenous ligands.

History

Chromium(II) acetate ChromiumII acetate dimer monohydrate SigmaAldrich

Eugène-Melchior Péligot first reported a chromium(II) acetate in 1844. His material was apparently the dimeric Cr2(OAc)4(H2O)2. The unusual structure, as well as that of copper(II) acetate, was uncovered in 1951.

Preparation

An aqueous solution of a Cr(III) compound is first reduced to the chromous state using zinc. The resulting blue solution is treated with sodium acetate, which results in the rapid precipitation of chromous acetate as a bright red powder.

2 Cr3+ + Zn → 2 Cr2+ + Zn2+2 Cr2+ + 4 OAc + 2 H2O → Cr2(OAc)4(H2O)2

The synthesis of Cr2(OAc)4(H2O)2 has been traditionally used to test the synthetic skills and patience of inorganic laboratory students in universities because the accidental introduction of a small amount of air into the apparatus is readily indicated by the discoloration of the otherwise bright red product. The anhydrous form of chromium(II) acetate, and also related chromium(II) carboxylates, can be prepared from chromocene:

4 RCO2H + 2 Cr(C5H5)2 → Cr2(O2CR)4 + 4 C5H6

This method provides anhydrous derivatives in a straightforward manner.

Because it is so easily prepared, Cr2(OAc)4(H2O)2 is often used as a starting material for other, chromium(II) compounds. Also many analogues have been prepared using other carboxylic acids in place of acetate and using different bases in place of the water.

Applications

Cr2(OAc)4(H2O)2 is used occasionally to dehalogenate organic compounds such as α-bromoketones and chlorohydrins. The reactions appear to proceed via 1e steps, and rearrangement products are sometimes observed. Because the molecule contains chromium in a +2 oxidation state it is a good reducing agent. For this reason it will reduce the O2 found in air, and so can be used as an oxygen scrubber.

Many other applications exist, including those in the polymer industry.

References

Chromium(II) acetate Wikipedia


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