Chatelain is a French surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Christine Chatelain, a Canadian film and television actress
Clara de Chatelain (1807-1876), an English writer and composer
Danièle Chatelain, a professor of French and a writer
Georges Chatelain (living), a French songwriter
Hélène Chatelain, a French actress
Hubert Paul Chatelain (1917-?)
Jean Baptiste Claude Chatelain (1710-?), a French engraver
Jeremy Chatelain (disambiguation)