Occupation Writer, Poet Role Writer Name Chaim Grade | Nationality American Parents Shlomo Mordecai Grade | |
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Books The Yeshiva, My Mother's Sabbath Days: A Memoir, Rabbis and Wives, The Agunah, The Sacred and the Profane Spouse Frumme-Liebe Grade, Inna Hecker Awards National Jewish Book Award for Fiction Nominations Pulitzer Prize for Fiction | ||
Notable works The AgunahThe Yeshiva | ||
Memories of chaim grade avrom sutzkever and itzik manger
Chaim Grade (April 4, 1910 – April 26, 1982) was one of the leading Yiddish writers of the twentieth century.
Contents
- Memories of chaim grade avrom sutzkever and itzik manger
- Yiddish writers tribute chaim grade isaac bashevis singer
- Life
- Works
- Literary estate
- References
Grade was born in Vilnius, Lithuania (at the time occupied by the Russian Empire) and died in The Bronx, New York. He is buried in Riverside Cemetery, Saddle Brook, NJ)
Grade was raised Orthodox-leaning, and he studied in yeshiva as a teenager, but ended up with a secular outlook, in part from his poetic ambitions. Losing his family in the Holocaust, he resettled in New York, and increasingly took to fiction, writing in Yiddish. Initially he was reluctant to have his work translated.
He was praised by Elie Wiesel as "one of the great—if not the greatest—of living Yiddish novelists."
Yiddish writers tribute chaim grade isaac bashevis singer
Life
Chaim Grade, the son of Shlomo Mordecai Grade, a Hebrew teacher and maskil (advocate of the Haskalah, the European Jewish Enlightenment), received a secular as well as Jewish religious education. He studied for several years with Reb Avrohom Yeshaya Karelitz, the Chazon Ish (1878–1953), one of observant Judaism's great Torah scholars. In 1932, Grade began publishing stories and poems in Yiddish, and in the early 1930s was among the founding members of the "Young Vilna" experimental group of artists and writers. He developed a reputation as one of the city's most articulate literary interpreters.
He fled the German invasion of Vilnius in World War II and sought refuge in the Soviet Union. In the Holocaust he lost his wife Frumme-Liebe (daughter of the Rabbi of Glebokie) and his mother Vella Grade Rosenthal (daughter of Rabbi Rafael Blumenthal). When the war ended, he lived briefly in Poland and France before relocating to the United States in 1948.
Grade's second wife Inna (née Hecker) translated a number of his books into English; she died in New York City on May 2, 2010.
Works
Grade's postwar poetry is primarily concerned with Jewish survival in the wake of the Holocaust.
Grade's most highly acclaimed novels, The Agunah (1961, tr. 1974) and The Yeshiva (2 vol., 1967–68, tr. 1976–7), deal with the philosophical and ethical dilemmas of Jewish life in prewar Lithuania, particularly dwelling on the Novardok Mussar movement. These two works were translated from the original Yiddish into English by Curt Leviant.
Grade's short story, "My Quarrel with Hersh Rasseyner," describes the chance meeting of a Holocaust survivor with an old friend from the mussar Yeshiva. The narrator has lost his faith, while the friend has continued to lead a pious and devoted religious life. The former friends debate the place of religion in the postmodern world. The story has been made into a film, The Quarrel and a play.
While less famous than Isaac Bashevis Singer or Sholem Aleichem, Chaim Grade is considered among the foremost stylists in Yiddish. His work is now hard to find in English.
Literary estate
His papers were very numerous and consumed much space of the apartment he shared with his wife Inna in the Amalgamated Housing Cooperative in the Northwest Bronx. The public administrator of his papers, Bonnie Gould, made requests to several institutions, including Harvard University and the YIVO Institute for Jewish Research to assist in cataloging Grade's papers. As of August 31, 2010, the papers have been transferred to YIVO offices, for sorting.
In 2013 the Public Administrator of Bronx County awarded the YIVO Institute and the National Library of Israel rights to the estate. In accordance with the terms of the agreement, the assets of the estate will be permanently housed at YIVO in New York City. Materials will be shared and made available to the National Library of Israel once its new building opens in Jerusalem in 2017. YIVO and the National Library of Israel have agreed to digitize the entire archive and make it accessible online.