Caine is a surname of several different origins. In many cases it is a variation of the surname Cain.
When the surname is of French origin, in some cases it is derived from a derogatory nickname for someone with a bad temper - from the French caigne "bitch".
Notable people with the surname include:
Hall Caine, British novelist and playwright
Hugh Le Caine, Canadian physicist, composer and instrument builder
Marti Caine, (1945–1995), English comedian and singer
Martin Caine, American college football head coach
Michael Caine, British film actor
Natalie Caine (1909–2008), also known by her married name Natalie James, English oboist
Rachel Caine, pen name of Roxanne Longstreet Conrad, an American writer of science fiction stories
Rebecca Caine, Canadian opera singer
Shakira Caine, Guyanan model, married to Michael Caine
Stanley Caine (1936–2013), English actor
Trudi Le Caine (née Janowski), an arts patron, wife of Hugh Le Caine
William Caine, Governor-general of Hong Kong
William Sproston Caine (1842–1903), British politician and Temperance advocate