CALCRL

Function

The protein encoded by the CALCRL gene is a G protein-coupled receptor related to the calcitonin receptor. CALCRL is linked to one of three single transmembrane domain receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs) that are essential for functional activity.

The association of CALCRL with different RAMP proteins produces different receptors:

These receptors are linked to the G protein G_s, which activates adenylate cyclase and activation results in the generation of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP).

Structure

CALCRL associated with RAMP 1 produces the CGRP receptor which is a trans-membrane protein receptor that is made up of four chains. Two of the four chains contain unique sequences. It is a heterodimer protein composed of two polypeptide chains differing in composition of their amino acid residues. The sequence reveals multiple hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions throughout the four chains in the protein.

The structural dynamics of an active state complex of the Calcitonin receptor-like protein, CGRP, the Receptor Activity-Modifying Protein 1, and the G-protein C-terminus has been elucidated using a computational and experimental approach.

Clinical significance

These G-protein coupled receptor (GPCRs) proteins play an important role in pharmaceutical targets. Many drugs used today alter the GPCR signaling pathways, notably calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonists that are under investigation for the treatment of migraine.