Glutamate-rich protein 3, also known as Uncharacterized Protein C1orf173 or Chromosome 1 Open Reading Frame 173, is a protein encoded by the ERICH3 gene.
Contents
Gene
The ERICH3 gene in humans is 105,628 bases and is encoded on the minus strand at position 31.1 on the short arm of chromosome 1 from base pair 75,033,795 bp to 75,139,422 bp from pter. C1orf173's function in humans is still unclear though there is a link between expression of this gene and several forms of cancer, such as breast cancer and skin sarcomas. C1orf173 is expressed in the brain, eye, lung, mammary gland, muscle, pituitary gland, testis, trachea, and uterus.
Protein
The C1orf173 protein in humans is 1,530 amino acids in length and contains two domains of unknown function, DUF4590 and DUF4543. Both DUF regions are currently uncharacterized though they are found in eukaryotes including humans. There are currently three known isoforms of the C1orf173 protein in humans, Q5RHP9-1 (canonical), Q5RHP9-2 and Q5RHP9-3. Other animals tend to have a multitude of variant forms of this gene
C1orf173 is predicted to be a nuclear protein based on PSORT II analysis and the suggested protein interactions found between c1orf173 and other proteins such as TAF5L. Analyzing the protein for isoelectric point using the Compute pI/Mw tool in Expasy, it was found that C1orf173 is slightly acidic ranging from a pH of 4.6-5 for most orthologs. Further analysis using the NetPhos tool on Expasy found that there are a large number of phosphorylated serines, an intermediate number of phosphorylated threonines and a few phosphoylated tyrosines.
Protein Structure
The C1orf173 protein has a secondary structure that is primarily alpha helices and random coils based on bioinformatical analysis. In humans the tertiary structure of C1orf173 has two components that resemble ubiquitin-like 2 activating enzyme e1b and alginase.
Protein Interactions
The C1orf173 protein has been predicted or experimentally observed to interact with the following proteins: