| Romania
81.3 km2
| |
131,377 (2010)
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Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu National College, Mihai Eminescu National College |
The city of Buzau is the county seat of Buzau County, Romania, in the historical region of Wallachia. It lies near the right bank of the Buzau River, between the south-eastern curvature of the Carpathian Mountains and the lowlands of Baragan Plain.
During the Middle Ages, Buzau was as an important Wallachian market town and Eastern Orthodox episcopal see. It faced a period of repeated destruction during the 17th and 18th century, nowadays symbolized on the city seal by the Phoenix bird. Those destructions are the main reason for which no building older than the 18th century exists in the city. After that, Buzau slowly recovered to become nowadays an important modern city in south-eastern Romania.
The citys landmark building is the Communal Palace, located in the central Dacia Square. The Nicolae B?lcescu Boulevard links it to the Crâng park, Buzaus main recreational area.
Buzau is a railway hub in south-eastern Romania, where railways that link Bucharest to Moldavia and Transylvania to the Black Sea coast meet. DN2, a segment of European route E85 crosses the city. Buz?us proximity to trade routes helped it develop its role as a commerce hub in older days, and as an industrial centre during the 20th century. Most of the citys industry was developed during Romanias communist period and was refactored through the 1990s to a capitalist economical framework.
Buzau is located between the Buzau river valley, that forms its northern bounds, the foothills of the Carpathian Mountains curvature and the Danube Plain. It has an oblong shape, as it is larger along the Buzau river and shorter across. The altitude of Buzau ranges from 101 meters in the North-West, near the hills to 88 meters close to the river, with a 95 meter average (as is also the altitude in the Dacia square, in the center). Therefore, Buz?u is located on a flat relief, with a 10 metres altitude difference along a 4 km line.
According to Romanian archaeologist Vasile Pârvan, the river Mousaios mentioned in a letter from Ioannis Soranus, governor of Scythia Minor, to the archbishop of Caesarea Mazaca (about 400 A.D.) should be identified with the modern Buzau. The document, kept in copies at the Vatican Library and San Marco Library in Venice, tells about the martyrdom of a Christian missionary by the name of Sabbas, drowned by the Goths in the river Mousaios. Beginning with the 20th century, Sabbas has been presented as the spiritual patron of the city of Buzau as well as of several local villages.
Several graves (3rd to 5th century) were found in Buzau, as well as coins that prove the presence of a settlement on the territory of the modern city.
During the Middle Ages, Buzaus economy was centered on trade, as this market town was a customs point, taking advantage of its position at the Carpathians curvature, at a point where roads that linked Wallachia, Moldavia and Transylvania met.
Education and culture
The first school in Buzau was the school for church and icon painters, opened by Chesarie, the bishop of Buzau. The school functioned at the bishopric of Buzau, and was managed by Nicolae Teodorescu. Gheorghe Tattarescu started learning painting here.
The citys most important educational landmark is the Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu National College, attended by the Nobel prize winner George Emil Palade in his youth. The Hasdeu high school was inaugurated in 1867.
The citys public library was opened in 1893, under the name of Carol I Public Library. Later it took the name of Vasile Voiculescu, Buzaus most prominent author, writer, and poet.
The George Ciprian stage theatre was created in 1996. It does not have an acting crew of its own, relying on contracts. Its first manager was playwright Paul Ioachim.
The first university in the city was the Economic University College, inaugurated in 1992, a branch of the Academy of Economic Studies in Bucharest.
The main museum in Buzau is the Buzau County Museum, which exhibits items related to the regions history. The same museum oversees the ethnography exhibition at the Vergu-M?n?il? House, as well as the Amber Museum in Col?i and the Vasile Voiculescu Memorial House in Pârscov.
(Text) CC BY-SA
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