Bustamante is a surname originating in the town Bustamante which is part of the Cantabria region in northern Spain. Notable people with the surname include:
Alexander Bustamante (William Alexander Clarke Bustamante) (1884–1977), Jamaican politician and labor leader
Anastasio Bustamante (1780–1853), President of Mexico 1830–1832 and 1837–1841
Antonio Sánchez de Bustamante y Sirven (1865–1951), Cuban jurist
Carlos Bustamante (1951—), American scientist, professor of biology, physics, and chemistry
Carlos María Bustamante, Mexican statesman and historian (1774- 1848)
Cruz Bustamante (1953—), American politician, Lieutenant Governor of California (1999—2007)
David Bustamante (1982—), Spanish singer
Ernesto Bustamante (1950—), Peruvian scientist, professor, and entrepreneur
Francisco “Django” Bustamante (1963—), Filipino pocket billiards player
Francisco Bustamante (painter) (died 1737), Spanish painter
Gladys Bustamante (1912-2009), Jamaican activist
Hector Luis Bustamante (1972—), Colombian actor
Jean-Marc Bustamante (1952—), French artist, sculptor, and photographer
José Bustamante y Rivero (1894–1989), President of Peru 1945–1948
José de Bustamante y Guerra (1759–1825), Spanish naval officer, explorer, and politician
José María Bustamante (1777–1861), Mexican composer
Manela Bustamante (1924–2005), Cuban-Puerto Rican actress
Mariano Bustamante (1831–1879), Peruvian war hero
Monika Bustamante (contemporary), Anime performer
Murilo Bustamante (contemporary), Brazilian martial arts champion
Ric Bustamante (1923—), Filipino actor
Teodoro Sánchez de Bustamante (1778–1851), Argentine statesman, lawyer and soldier.