At the Battle of Brandywine on September 11, 1777 a colonial American army led by General George Washington fought a British-Hessian army commanded by General William Howe, 5th Viscount Howe. Washington drew up his troops in a defensive position behind Brandywine Creek. Howe sent Lieutenant General Wilhelm von Knyphausen's 5,000 troops to demonstrate against the American front at Chadd's Ford. Meanwhile, Lieutenant General Charles Cornwallis took 10,000 troops on a wide flank march that crossed the creek and got in the rear of the American right wing under Major General John Sullivan. The Americans changed front but Howe's attack broke through.
As Howe's wing made progress, Knyphausen converted his feint into a frontal attack on the American center. Washington's army was driven to the rear in disarray, but was saved from rout by Major General Nathanael Greene's rear guard action. Washington's army retreated to Chester, Pennsylvania while Howe occupied Wilmington, Delaware. The engagement took place in Chadds Ford Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania.
General Sir William Howe (18,000)
Quartermaster General: Brigadier General Sir William Erskine, 1st Baronet
Note: Each brigade had two or four 3-pound or 4-pound cannons attached.
Lieutenant General Lord Cornwallis
Unbrigaded:
16th Light Dragoons (200)
Hessian and Anspach Jägers: Lieutenant Colonel Ludwig von Wurmb (500)
Mounted Jäger company, Captain Richard Lorey (100)
Artillery: 3rd Brigade
Four 12-pound cannons & six 6-pound cannons
Guards Brigade: Brigadier General Edward Mathew (939)Elements of 1st Foot Guard, 2nd Foot Guard, and 3rd Foot Guard Regiments
1st Battalion (488)
Grenadier company, Lieutenant Colonel Sir George Osborn, 4th Baronet (124)
Hyde's company (93)
Wrottesley's company (91)
Cox's company (90)
Garth's company (90)
2nd Battalion (451)
Stephen's company (88)
Murray's company (89)
O'Hara's company (87)
Martin's company (91)
Light company, Lieutenant Colonel Osborn (96)
Light Infantry: (1,300)1st Light Infantry Battalion, Lieutenant Colonel Robert Abercromby of Airthrey
14 light companies of the line
2nd Light Infantry Battalion, Major John Maitland
14 light companies of the line
Grenadiers: (1,400)1st Grenadier Battalion, Lieutenant Colonel William Medows
16 grenadier companies of the line
2nd Grenadier Battalion, Colonel Henry Monckton
15 grenadier companies of the line
3rd Brigade: General Charles Grey, 1st Earl Grey (3,000 in 3rd and 4th Brigades)15th Foot
17th Foot
42nd Foot
44th Foot
4th Brigade: Brigadier General James Agnew33rd Foot
37th Foot
46th Foot
64th Foot
Hessian Brigade: Colonel Carl von Donop (1,300)Linsing Grenadier Battalion
Minningerode Grenadier Battalion
Lengerke Grenadier Battalion
Lieutenant General Wilhelm von Knyphausen
Unbrigaded:
Queen's Rangers, Captain James Weymss (300)
Rifle Corps, Captain Patrick Ferguson (90)
16th Light Dragoons (200)
71st Foot (1,200)
1st and 3rd battalions guarding the baggage train.
2nd battalion (350)
Artillery: 1st and 2nd Brigades
Six 12-pound cannons & four howitzers
Hessian Brigade: Major General Johann Daniel Stirn (2,000)Erbprinz Infantry Regiment
Donop Infantry Regiment
Mirbach Infantry Regiment
1st Brigade: Major General James Grant (1,400)
4th Foot
23rd Foot
28th Foot
49th Foot
2nd Brigade: Major General Grant (1,300)
5th Foot
10th Foot
27th Foot
40th Foot, Lieutenant Colonel Thomas Musgrave
55th Foot
General and Commander in Chief George Washington (12,000 regulars, 3,000 militia)
Main Body
Unattached:
Chadds Ford redoubt: Colonel Thomas Proctor4th Continental Artillery Regiment: One 6-pound gun, two 4-pound guns, one 8-inch howitzer
Light Infantry Corps: Brigadier General William Maxwell (1,000)About 100 soldiers were detached from each regular brigade to form this corps
North Carolina Brigade: Brigadier General Francis Nash (1,094)1st North Carolina Regiment, Colonel Thomas Clark
2nd North Carolina Regiment
3rd North Carolina Regiment, Colonel Jethro Sumner
4th North Carolina Regiment
5th North Carolina Regiment
6th North Carolina Regiment
7th North Carolina Regiment, Colonel James Hogun
8th North Carolina Regiment
9th North Carolina Regiment
Division: Major General John Armstrong, Sr. (2,000)1st Pennsylvania Militia Brigade: Brigadier General James PotterPhiladelphia County Regiment, Moor
Philadelphia County Regiment, McVaugh
Bucks County Regiment, Maj. John Folwell
Lancaster County Regiment, Col. James Watson
Berks County Regiment, Col. Daniel Hunter
York County Regiment, Col. James Thompson
Cumberland County Regiment, Col. James Dunlap
Pennsylvania Militia Brigade: Brigadier General James IrvinePhiladelphia County Regiment, Lt. Col. Jonathan Smith
Chester County Regiment, Col. William Evans
Lancaster County Regiment, Col. Philip Greenwalt
Lancaster County Regiment, Col. Alexander Lowry
Northampton County Regiment, Col. David Udree
Division: Major General Nathanael Greene (2,500)1st Virginia Brigade: Brigadier General Peter Muhlenberg1st Virginia Regiment
5th Virginia Regiment
9th Virginia Regiment, Colonel George Mathews
13th Virginia Regiment
German Battalion
2nd Virginia Brigade: Brigadier General George Weedon
2nd Virginia Regiment
6th Virginia Regiment
10th Virginia Regiment
14th Virginia Regiment
Pennsylvania State Regiment, Colonel Walter Stewart
Division: Brigadier General Anthony Wayne (2,000)1st Pennsylvania Brigade: Colonel Thomas Hartley1st Pennsylvania Regiment, Colonel James Chambers
2nd Pennsylvania Regiment, Major William Williams
7th Pennsylvania Regiment
10th Pennsylvania Regiment, Lieutenant Colonel Adam Hubley
Hartley's Additional Continental Regiment, Lieutenant Colonel Morgan Connor
2nd Pennsylvania Brigade: Colonel Richard Humpton
4th Pennsylvania Regiment
5th Pennsylvania Regiment, Colonel Francis Johnston
8th Pennsylvania Regiment
11th Pennsylvania Regiment, Colonel Richard Humpton
Division: Major General John Sullivan (1,100 less 1st Delaware & 2nd Canadian)1st Maryland Brigade: Unknown commander (William Smallwood's brigade)1st Maryland Regiment
3rd Maryland Regiment
7th Maryland Regiment
1st Delaware Regiment, Colonel David Hall (250)
2nd Maryland Brigade: Brigadier General Chevalier Philippe Hubert Preudhomme de Borre2nd Maryland Regiment
4th Maryland Regiment, Colonel Josias Carvil Hall
6th Maryland Regiment
2nd Canadian Regiment, Colonel Moses Hazen (400)
Division: Major General Adam Stephen (1,500)3rd Virginia Brigade: Brigadier General William Woodford3rd Virginia Regiment
7th Virginia Regiment
11th Virginia Regiment
15th Virginia Regiment
4th Virginia Brigade: Brigadier General Charles Scott
4th Virginia Regiment
8th Virginia Regiment
12th Virginia Regiment
Grayson's Additional Continental Regiment
Patton's Additional Continental Regiment
Division: Major General William Alexander, Lord Stirling (1,500)New Jersey Brigade: Brigadier General William Maxwell1st New Jersey Regiment, Colonel Matthias Ogden
2nd New Jersey Regiment
3rd New Jersey Regiment, Colonel Elias Dayton
4th New Jersey Regiment
3rd Pennsylvania Brigade: Brigadier General Thomas Conway3rd Pennsylvania Regiment
6th Pennsylvania Regiment
9th Pennsylvania Regiment
12th Pennsylvania Regiment
Spencer's Additional Continental Regiment