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Boris Babochkin

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Years active
  
1920 - 1975

Name
  
Boris Babochkin


Role
  
Film actor

Siblings
  
Vitaly Babochkin

Boris Babochkin wwwpeoplesruartcinemaactorbabochkinbabochki

Full Name
  
Baris Andreyevich Babochkin

Born
  
18 January 1904 (
1904-01-18
)
Saratov, Russia

Died
  
July 17, 1975, Moscow, Russia

Spouse
  
Ekaterina Georgieva (m. 1935–1975)

Movies
  
Chapaev, Friends, Girl Friends, Annuska

Children
  
Tatiana Babochkina, Natalia Babochkina

Similar People
  
Sergei Vasilyev, Boris Barnet, Dmitri Shostakovich

Boris Andreyevich Babochkin (Russian: Бори́с Андре́евич Ба́бочкин; 18 January 1904 – 17 July 1975) was a well-known Soviet film and theatre actor and director. Boris Babochkin was one of the first internationally recognized stars of the Soviet-Russian cinema. He rose to fame with the title role in the classic film Chapaev (1934) and later, in the 1950s, he played a sharp anti-communist character on stage in Moscow, for which he was censored by the Soviet Communist Party.

Contents

Life on the Volga

Babochkin was born on 18 January 1904, in Saratov on the Volga river in Russia. His father, Andrei Babochkin, came from a family of Russian merchants and traders. The father had owned a successful trade business in the city of Saratov on Volga, then sold his business and worked for a railroad. The Babochkins lived in Krasny Kut, a small station near Saratov. His mother, a school teacher, was fond of Russian classical literature, and young Babochkin was brought up in an intellectually stimulating environment. Young Boris Babochkin and his brother were fond of acting and were involved in amateur theatre productions in Saratov. At age 14 Boris joined the Red Army and served for one year in the same front on Volga and the Urals with the legendary commander Chapayev, whom he would later portray, although they never met.

Early career

In 1920 Babochkin entered a local drama school in Saratov, but he soon dropped out and moved to Moscow to pursue an acting career. At first he enrolled in the well-known drama school of Michael Chekhov affiliated with the Moscow Art Theatre. There Babochkin studied with Michael Chekhov for a few months. He admired Chekhov, but eventually their personalities clashed. In 1921, he left Chekhov's school to join "Molodye Mastera" studio, under Illarion Pevtsov, a well-connected figure in Soviet film and theatre. There, with his elder brother Vitaly Babochkin, Boris worked his first professional season on stage. In the following six years he played seasonal gigs on stage with various troupes in Moscow and Saratov, then in Samarkand and Bishkek in Central Asia, and then in Voronezh, Mogilev in Belarus, and Berdichev in Ukraine.

Leningrad

From 1927 to 1940 Babochkin lived and worked in Leningrad. He married a young ballerina, Ekaterina Georgieva, and they became involved in the city's cultural life. Babochkin continued his studies of theatre and film, and made his film acting debut at Lenfilm Studio in 1927. In 1934 he played the leading role in Chapaev, a classic film that brought him global fame and local jealousy. During the 1930s he played leading roles at the Leningrad State Puskin Drama Theater and at the Bolshoi Drama Theater under director Aleksei Dikiy. In 1937, when Dikiy was arrested and imprisoned in the Gulag camps, Babochkin was hurt and suffered an emotional crisis. However, he survived the first wave of Stalin's Great Purge. In 1937 Babochkin stepped in as artistic director of the Bolshoi Drama Theater (BDT) in Leningrad and worked in that position until 1940.

Moscow

In 1940 Babochkin was summoned by the Soviet leadership and moved back to Moscow, a move that he later described as the biggest mistake in his life. During World War II he made several trips to Leningrad, besieged by the Nazis, where he supported the defenders of Leningrad under the Siege and helped lift their spirits with his performances, while they were struggling to survive. After the war he started a teaching career at the Moscow State Film Institute (VGIK). In 1952 Babochkin became artistic director of the Moscow Drama Theater named after Pushkin. There he invited his old director Aleksei Dikiy to direct Shadows, a play by Saltykov-Shchedrin. In Shadows Babochkin played one of his best roles ever — Klaverov, a corrupt career politician, resembling a typical Soviet bureaucrat. For this role Babochkin was viciously attacked in the main Soviet newspaper Pravda. His critic was none other than Ekaterina Furtseva, who was then Mayor of Moscow and later was made Minister of Culture of the Soviet Union and who eventually committed suicide.

Furtseva used all her official power to destroy Babochkin. She banned the play and restricted the world famous actor, known as Chapayev, from public performances. Furtseva personally ordered that all film studios and drama companies of the USSR should refuse him any jobs, keeping him practically unemployed for three years until he was finally forced to apologize to the Communist Party. Official Soviet censorship, which was under the control of Furtseva, spared no effort in taming the famous actor and manipulating his star power. After that, Babochkin's acting career was restricted to playing only positive, boring, exemplary Soviet characters.

Later career

Babochkin's acting career was suppressed until the death of his high-ranking Communist opponent Furtseva. The rare exception was his last role in Begstvo mistera Mak-Kinli (1975) for which he was awarded the State Prize of the USSR. From 1955 until his death in 1975, Babochkin was a permanent member of the troupe at the Maly Theatre in Moscow. From 1946 to 1975 he also taught an acting class at State Film Institute (VGIK), where he became a professor in 1966. In his acting career spanning over 55 years, Babochkin played over 200 roles on stage and 25 roles in movies and on television, but his role as Chapayev in the eponymous 1934 film remained the unsurpassed highlight of his film career.

Recognition

Boris Babochkin was the youngest actor designated People's Artist of Russia (1935). He was awarded the Stalin Prize (twice: in 1941 and 1951) and State Prize of USSR (1977, posthumously). He also received numerous awards and decorations in recognition of his best known film role as Chapaev.

Personal life

Babochkin was married to Ekaterina Mikhailovna Babochkina (née Georgieva), and the couple had two daughters, Natalia and Tatiana. Outside of his acting career, Babochkin taught a class at Moscow Film School (VGIK); he also wrote numerous articles and critical works about film and theatre. In 1968 he published his autobiography In theatre and film which became a bestseller in the USSR.

Boris Babochkin died of a heart attack while driving his Volga on 17 July 1975, in Moscow, and was interred in Novodevichy Cemetery.

Filmography

Actor
1975
Dostigayev i drugiye (TV Movie) as
Vasiliy Dostigayev
1975
Begstvo mistera Mak-Kinli as
Sem Boulder
1973
Plotnitskiye rasskazy (TV Movie) as
Smolin
1972
Pravda: Khorosho, a Schastye - Luchshe (TV Movie) as
Sila Yerofeyevich Groznov
1968
Skuchnaya istoriya. Iz zapisok starogo cheloveka (TV Movie) as
Nikolay Stepanovich
1967
Dachniki as
Pyotr Suslov (as B. Babochkin)
1961
Ivan Rybakov as
Ivan Rybakov
1959
Annushka as
Ivan Ivanovich (as B. Babochkin)
1958
Skaz o Chapaeve (Short)(voice)
1955
Trevozhnaya molodost as
sekretar TsK KP / b / U (as B. Babochkin)
1951
Oborona Tsaritsyna. 2 seriya: Oborona as
Moldavskiy
1951
The Great Force as
Pavel Lavrov (as B. Babochkin)
1948
Povest o nastoyashchem cheloveke as
Komandir polka
1947
Povest o 'Neistovom' as
Nikitin komandir (as B. Babochkin)
1945
Native Fields
1943
Front as
Ognev
1943
Aktrisa as
Pyotr Nikolaevich Markov (as B. Babochkin)
1943
Nepobedimye as
Nikolay Radionov
1942
Fortress on the Volga as
Moldavskiy
1941
Chapaev s nami (Short) as
Chapaev (as B.A. Babochkin)
1939
Friends as
Aleksej
1937
Bolshie krylya as
Kuznetsov - konstruktor
1936
Three Women as
Andrei
1934
Chapaev as
Chapayev - Vasiliy Ivanovich
1934
Dvazhdy rozhdyonnyy as
Dubovik
1933
Pervyy vzvod as
Makar Bobrik
1932
The Return of Nathan Becker as
Mikulich
1930
Zagovor myortvyh as
Red Army Soldier
1929
Myatezh as
Karavayev
Director
1977
Groza (TV Movie)
1975
Dostigayev i drugiye (TV Movie)
1975
Falshivaya moneta (TV Movie)
1973
Plotnitskiye rasskazy (TV Movie)
1972
Pravda: Khorosho, a Schastye - Luchshe (TV Movie)
1967
Dachniki
1953
Svadba Krechinskogo (theatrical director - as B. A. Babochkin)
1947
Povest o 'Neistovom' (as B. Babochkin)
1945
Native Fields (as B. A. Babochkin)
Writer
1967
Dachniki (screenplay)
Archive Footage
2006
Kak ukhodili kumiry (TV Series documentary) as
Self
- Boris Babochkin (2006) - Self
2004
Legends of World Cinema (TV Series documentary) as
Self
- Boris Babochkin - Self
2004
Chtoby pomnili (TV Series documentary) as
Self
- Chapter 113. Boris Babochkin (2004) - Self

References

Boris Babochkin Wikipedia