End date 1994 | People also search for Aguilar v. Felton | |
Full case name Board of Education of Kiryas Joel Village School District, Petitioner v. Louis Grumet, et al. Citations 512 U.S. 687 (more)
114 S. Ct. 2481; 129 L. Ed. 2d 546; 1994 U.S. LEXIS 4830; 62 U.S.L.W. 4665; 94 Cal. Daily Op. Service 4818; 94 Daily Journal DAR 8917; 8 Fla. L. Weekly Fed. S 359 Prior history On writs of certiorari to the Court of Appeals of New York Majority Souter (parts I, II-B, II-C, III), joined by Blackmun, Stevens, O'Connor, Ginsburg Concurrence Souter (parts II (introduction), II-A), joined by Blackmun, Stevens, Ginsburg Concurrence Stevens, joined by Blackmun, Ginsburg Ruling court Supreme Court of the United States | ||
Board of Education of Kiryas Joel Village School District v. Grumet, 512 U.S. 687 (1994),[1] was a case in which the United States Supreme Court ruled on the constitutionality of a school district created with boundaries that matched that of a religious community.
Contents
Opinion of the court
The court, in an opinion by Justice Souter, held that the creation of a school district unit of government designed to coincide with the neighborhood boundaries of a religious group constitutes an unconstitutional aid to religion. Souter concluded that "government should not prefer one religion to another, or religion to irreligion." "There is more than a fine line between the voluntary association that leads to a political community comprising people who share a common religious faith, and the forced separation that occurs when the government draws explicit political boundaries on the basis of peoples' faith. In creating the district in question, New York crossed that line."
Dissent
Justice Scalia, in his dissent, acknowledged that the residents of this district are Satmar Hasidic Jews, but noted of the Satmar community:
[A]ll its residents also wear unusual dress, have unusual civic customs, and have not much to do with people who are culturally different from them ... On what basis does Justice Souter conclude that it is the theological distinctiveness rather than the cultural distinctiveness that was the basis for New York State's decision? The normal assumption would be that it was the latter, since it was not theology but dress, language, and cultural alienation that posed the educational problem for the children.
Scalia argued that the Satmar school district aided the Satmars as a culture rather than a religion, and thus did not constitute impermissible aid to a religious group. The majority, Scalia asserted, would "laud this humanitarian legislation if all of the distinctiveness of the students of Kiryas Joel were attributable to the fact that their parents were nonreligious commune dwellers, or American Indians, or Gypsies," and concluded that "creation of a special, one-culture school district for the benefit of those children would pose no problem. The neutrality demanded by the Religion Clauses requires the same indulgence towards cultural characteristics that are accompanied by religious belief."