The Birds of Ashmore Reef comprise three main groups:
- Seabirds, including at least five species of breeding terns, with several other seabirds, including petrels, recorded in the surrounding waters
- Migratory shorebirds en route from northern Asia to Australia
- Landbirds, only three breeding species (two herons and a rail) but several others, including passerines, visit, either on migration to northern Australia or as vagrants
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