The English noun bigot is a term used to describe a prejudiced or closed-minded person, especially one who is intolerant or hostile towards different social groups (e.g. racial or religious groups), and especially one whose own beliefs are perceived as unreasonable or excessively narrow-minded, superstitious, or hypocritical. The abstract noun is bigotry.
The word was adopted into English from Middle French by 1598, at first with a sense of "religious hypocrite". The word is recorded in the same sense in French as bigot since the 15th century, and was loaned into English as well as into Italian (bigotto) and German (bigott). Around 1900, the word bigot meant in French someone who has an excessive, narrow or petty religious devotion.
In Old French, the word is recorded in the 12th century as a derogatory term applied to the Normans, and is likely based in the Germanic oath formula bī god (i.e. "by God"). Compare, as parallel formations, the French les goddams to refer to the English after their favorite curse; similarly Clément Janequin's "La Guerre," which is about the Battle of Marignano, similarly uses the Swiss German curse "bigot" (i.e. "by god!") in a context about the Protestant Swiss. William Camden writes that the Normans were first called bigots when their Duke Rollo, who when receiving Gisla, daughter of King Charles, in marriage, and with her the investiture of the dukedom, refused to kiss the king's foot in token of subjection unless the king would hold it out for that specific purpose and was urged to do so by those present, answered hastily "No, by God", whereupon the King, turning about, called him bigot, which then passed from him to his people. The twelfth-century Norman author Wace also records that bigot was an insult which the French used against the Normans.
Henry Bradley (1891) proposed that the word originated as a corruption of the name of the Visigoths; Bradley argued that to the Catholic Franks, the Arian Visigoths of southern France and Spain were the objects of bitter hatred, both on religious and secular grounds.