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Berolina chess is a chess variant using a popular fairy chess piece called the Berolina pawn (also known as Berlin pawn or Anti-pawn). The Berolina pawn was invented by Edmund Nebermann in 1926 and has found frequent use in chess problems.
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Berolina chess follows the same rules as standard chess, including castling, except that all eight pawns are replaced by Berolina pawns.
Berolina pawn specifics
The Berolina pawn moves, without capturing, one square diagonally forward. It captures one square straight forward. (So, it is the converse of a standard chess pawn, which moves straight forward and captures diagonally forward.)
Like a standard pawn, the Berolina has the option to step two squares forward on its first move (so for the Berolina, two squares diagonally forward). En passant is possible as well (see diagram). As in standard chess, the Berolina pawn promotes when it reaches the last rank.
Related pawns
Two famous pawns also used in problem compositions are the Berolina Plus and the Sergeant.