Bernolák language (other names: Bernolak 'Bernolákova (literary) Slovak Bernolákova codification of standard Slovak Bernolákovská Slovak' slovak Bernolákovčina ) was first codified form (literary) Slovak with demands for a society-wide force, as detailed in prescriptive guidance. Established it in 1787 A.Bernolak under cultured western with some elements of the Central dialects and a phonological spelling.
Contents
Bernolak period codification of literary Slovak was associated with an exaggerated national consciousness in Austria monarchy. Particular importance should be the establishment of a seminary for training priests at Bratislava Castle, who had the spirit of the reforms affect the Slovak people. The newly established workshop has become the ideological and organizational base Bernolak movement. At the core of this movement was a group of patriotic philologists (so called herself) who realized that spread education and awareness among gregarious people and the middle class can only clear and refined language. From this belief arose after the first Slovak literary form - Bernolak.
Work Bernoláka
Then examine the status and the ability to act as a Slovak literary language and also formulate rules of codification in its spoken and written forms has undertaken A.Bernolak (1762 - 1813). He began criticizing the status quo of the use of Slovak and findings summarized in the work of Dissertatio Philologici-critical de Litera Slavorum (1787). Joined him normative document orthography (1787), which codifies the selection and use of grapheme, pronunciation, writing, capitalization and punctuation. Slovak codified grammar described in the book Grammatica Slavica (1790) and word in the file Etymologia vocum slavicarum (1791). At the same time preparing the dictionary, but that came after his death under the title Slowár Slowenski english-latin-Germany-Hungary (1825 - 1827).
Origin
Genetically Bernolak builds on cultural západoslovenčinu Trnava type. Its construction has been upgraded Stredoslovenský elements (in particular d, t, n, l). The idea that codified A. Bernolák western Slovak dialect is flawed.
Linguistic characteristics
Spelling Bernolak a diacritical (a, e, D, T, etc.). It adopts a principle of phonetic (A-A and E-E, D-D and the like) and morphological (Dub considering Dub-A-Dub u). When choosing the letters respecting tradition (w = v = g j, g = ǧ but x = pieces). The sounds i, they are the only letters I, I (the letters y, ý is not used). It is written in capital letters and nouns (Woda, Winter, Dim). Bernolak not diphthongs, but had a soft d, t, n, l, a vapor-G dz-dz, and the like. The morphology dominated shapes known in the western English (women, street, well, foreign, etc.). At an earlier stage there were several Stredoslovenské phenomena. For example, it occurred the diphthong i.e. (wgem, Pgesek) were shapes with the Lord, the Good, and the other fell. In younger stage there were already only Západoslovenské phenomena (WIM Sand, with the Lord for good, paddles, etc.). Participles, some shapes and words had a Czech form (confidential milugíc). Stylistically was Bernolak adequately differentiated. Is relatively well developed style of popular science (George Fándly), speaker (sermons) and literary and artistic works (Jan Holly).
Application
Nationwide implementation Bernolak reached. The extent of its spread has varied. At an earlier stage adversely acted tense situation that arose in Hungary after the French Revolution and after the unveiling of the revolutionary Jacobins activities (1795). In addition Towarišstwo litterného art that had spread Bernolak, soon disappeared.
In the later period, when interest Bernolak revived, they began to emerge the new prospects of resolving the question of the literary language for the Slovaks. One of the perspectives indicated the issue central Slovak folklore texts (J. Čaplovič, P. J. Safarik, J. Kollar). At the same time it offered a different solution. On the side of evangelical scholars of the Living efforts to push for the literary language of the Slovaks Czech. Originally it was to be the official scriptural form (B. Tablic J. Palkovič), then the minimum Slovakized form (J. Kollar), or a live appearance grown in Bohemia (young štúrovci). No Bernolak from public life permanently subsided only after the agreement of 1851.