Barbeau is a surname of French origin. The name refers to:
Adrienne Barbeau (b. 1945), American stage, film, and television actressAndré Barbeau (1931–1986), French-Canadian neurologist and researcher into Parkinson’s diseaseAnton Barbeau (contemporary), American singer and songwriterJap Barbeau (1882–1969), American professional baseball playerManon Barbeau (contemporary), Canadian film director and screenwriterMarcel Barbeau (b. 1925), Canadian artistMarius Barbeau (1883–1969), Canadian ethonographer and folkloristRaymond Barbeau (1930–1992), French-Canadian essayist, literary critic, and naturopathVictor Barbeau (1896–1994), Québécois writer and academic