Kingdom Plantae Tribe Banksieae Order Proteales | Family Proteaceae Rank Genus | |
Similar Banksia dentata, Banksia ser Dryandra, Orites, Lomatia, Proteas | ||
Banksieaephyllum is a plant genus that encompasses organically preserved fossil leaves that can be attributed to the Proteaceae tribe Banksieae, but cannot be attributed to a genus.
Before 1950, many fossil leaves were attributed to the genera Banksia and Dryandra. In most cases, leaves with triangular lobes were associated with Dryandra, and leaves with serration were associated with Banksia. In 1950, Isabel Cookson and Suzanne Duigan showed this policy to be flawed, by demonstrating that the leaves of the two genera cannot be reliably distinguished. Since these two genera then comprised tribe Banksieae, Cookson and Duigan erected Banksieaephyllum to contain such leaves.
Since then, Banksia and Dryandra have been further grouped into subtribe Banksiinae, and another subtribe, Musgraveinae, erected to contain two new genera. Interpretations of Banksieaephyllum are now no longer consistent. Some botanists continue to hold that Banksieaephyllum is for fossil leaves that can be attributed to Banksieae but not to a genus; that is, they include fossils that cannot be excluded from the Musgravinae. Others hold that Cookson and Duigan's intentions were for the genus to hold fossil leaves that are known to be Dryandra or Banksia, but cannot be attributed to either with certainty; thus they now define the genus in terms of Banksiinae rather than Banksieae.
Dryandra has now been transferred into Banksia. Although as yet undetermined, the latter interpretation would result in Banksieaephyllum becoming a nomenclatural synonym of Banksia.
Fossils ascribed to Banksieaephyllum have been found in sediments dating from the Paleocene to early Miocene (66 to 16 million years ago). In 1998, the most recent synopsis, there were 16 species, including:
However, Carpenter, Jordan & Hill (2016) transferred the species B. incisum and B. cuneatum to the separate genus Banksieaefolia, while also transferring the species B. acuminatum to the genus Banksia and renaming it Banksia cooksoniae. In addition, the authors excluded the species B. attenuatum, B. longifolium, B. pinnatum, B. praefastigatum, B. regularis and B. westdaliense from Banksieae and transferred those species to the separate genus Pseudobanksia.