Structure type At-grade Opened 1873 | Closed 1907 | |
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Owned by Baltimore and Potomac Railroad Architect Wilson Brothers & Company Owner Balti and Potomac Railroad Similar Balti and Potomac, Old Capitol Prison, Temple of Music, Garfield Memorial, Ulysses S Grant Memorial | ||
The Baltimore and Potomac Railroad Station was a railroad station that was operated by the Baltimore and Potomac Railroad in Washington, D.C., from 1873 until its closure in 1907.
Contents
History
The first Baltimore and Potomac (B&P) station in Washington was a simple wood frame structure. A more substantial brick and stone building opened in 1873 at the southwest corner of Sixth Street and B Street NW (later renamed Constitution Avenue). This is the present site of the West Building of the National Gallery of Art, on the National Mall. The station was built over the old Washington City Canal, which complicated the construction of the foundation. Tracks ran south from the station along Sixth Street to a wye junction at Sixth Street SW, Maryland Avenue SW, and Virginia Avenue SW. Ironically, the tracks along Maryland Avenue ran over the Long Bridge to Virginia, and the tracks along Virginia Avenue went east into Maryland (see Landover Subdivision).
South of the station, in Virginia, was the Alexandria and Washington Railroad, which opened in 1857. The B&P acquired this line after reaching it, operating it until 1901, when the Washington Southern Railway (the successor of the Alexandria and Washington) was taken over by the Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac Railroad, an independent bridge line owned equally by the PRR and five other railroads. Soon after, in 1904, the line from the Long Bridge to Rosslyn, built by the Washington Southern, was split off into the Rosslyn Connecting Railroad, owned by the PRR.
With the opening of nearby Union Station in 1907, the B&P station was closed and subsequently demolished.
James Garfield assassination
On July 2, 1881, en route to catch a train to New Jersey, President James A. Garfield was shot in the back by assassin Charles Guiteau while walking across the lobby with James G. Blaine. While the president survived the initial shooting and lay bleeding on the station's floor, doctors arriving on the scene probed Garfield's wounds with non-sterilized objects in a frantic search for the bullet. The bacterial infections they introduced to the wound were the likely cause of his death in September 1881.