Routes of
administration IM Biological half-life 4 hours Molar mass 327.396 g/mol | Metabolism CAS Number 1649-18-9 | |
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AHFS/Drugs.com International Drug Names ATCvet code QN01AX91 (WHO) QN05AD90 (WHO) | ||
Azaperone is a pyridinylpiperazine and butyrophenone neuroleptic drug with sedative and antiemetic effects, which is used mainly as a tranquilizer in veterinary medicine. It is uncommonly used in humans as an antipsychotic drug.
Azaperone acts primarily as a dopamine antagonist but also has some antihistaminic and anticholinergic properties as seen with similar drugs such as haloperidol. Azaperone may cause hypotension and while it has minimal effects on respiration in pigs, high doses in humans can cause respiratory depression.
Veterinary use
The most common use for azaperone is in relatively small doses to reduce aggression in farmed pigs, either to stop them fighting or to encourage sows to accept piglets. Higher doses are used for anesthesia in combination with other drugs such as xylazine, tiletamine and zolazepam. Azaperone is also used in combination with strong narcotics such as etorphine or carfentanil for tranquilizing large animals such as elephants. Use in horses is avoided as adverse reactions may occur.
The European Medicines Agency has established a maximum residue limit for azaperone when administered to pigs.
Azaperone (under the brand name Stresnil) was approved for use in pigs in the USA in 1983, under NADA 115-732.