Australoheros is a fish genus in the cichlid family. Most are restricted to rivers and streams in southeastern Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay and northeastern Argentina, but at least one species is also found in lakes and swamps. This genus was erected after a taxonomic revision in 2006. These are relatively small cichlids that typically do not surpass 10–15 centimetres (3.9–5.9 in) in length, although A. facetus reaches about 20 cm (7.9 in).
Four of these species were formerly included in Cichlasoma, but the rest were all described in 2006 (when the genus Australoheros was coined) or later, and placed in the correct genus from the beginning. There are currently 28 recognized species in this genus:
Australoheros acaroides (R. F. Hensel, 1870)Australoheros angiru Říčan, Piáleck, Almirón & Casciotta, 2011Australoheros autrani Ottoni & W. J. E. M. Costa, 2008Australoheros barbosae Ottoni & W. J. E. M. Costa, 2008Australoheros capixaba Ottoni, 2010Australoheros charrua Říčan & S. O. Kullander, 2008Australoheros facetus (Jenyns, 1842) (Chameleon cichlid)Australoheros forquilha Říčan & S. O. Kullander, 2008Australoheros guarani Říčan & S. O. Kullander, 2008Australoheros ipatinguensis Ottoni & W. J. E. M. Costa, 2008Australoheros kaaygua Casciotta, Almirón & Gómez, 2006Australoheros macacuensis Ottoni & W. J. E. M. Costa, 2008Australoheros macaensis Ottoni & W. J. E. M. Costa, 2008Australoheros mattosi Ottoni, 2012Australoheros minuano Říčan & S. O. Kullander, 2008Australoheros montanus Ottoni, 2012Australoheros muriae Ottoni & W. J. E. M. Costa, 2008Australoheros paraibae Ottoni & W. J. E. M. Costa, 2008Australoheros perdi Ottoni, Lezama, Triques, Fragoso-Moura, C. C. T. Lucas & F. A. R. Barbosa, 2011Australoheros ribeirae Ottoni, Oyakawa & W. J. E. M. Costa, 2008Australoheros robustus Ottoni & W. J. E. M. Costa, 2008Australoheros sanguineus Ottoni, 2013Australoheros saquarema Ottoni & W. J. E. M. Costa, 2008Australoheros scitulus (Říčan & S. O. Kullander, 2003)Australoheros taura Ottoni & Cheffe, 2009Australoheros tavaresi Ottoni, 2012Australoheros tembe (Casciotta, Gómez & Toresanni, 1995)Australoheros ykeregua Říčan, Piáleck, Almirón & Casciotta, 2011
