Aphanius genus of pupfishes . Unlike other members of the family which are from the Americas , Aphanius species are native to northern Africa, southwestern Asia (as far east as India) and southern Europe. Several species in the genus have very small distributions and are seriously threatened.
Fossils of Aphanius are found in strata of the Pleistocene of Italy (age range: from 11.608 to 5.332 million years ago.).
The 39 recognized species in this genus are:
Aphanius almiriensis Kottelat , Barbieri & Stoumboudi, 2007Aphanius anatoliae Leidenfrost, 1912 (Lake Tuz toothcarp)Aphanius apodus Gervais , 1853Aphanius arakensis Teimori, Esmaeili, Gholami, Zarei & Reichenbacher (de), 2012 Aphanius asquamatus Sözer, 1942 (scaleless killifish)Aphanius baeticus Doadrio, Carmona & Fernández-Delgado, 2002 Aphanius burduricus Ermin, 1946 Aphanius chantrei Gaillard, 1895 (Dislisazancik baligi)†Aphanius crassicaudus Agassiz 1839 Aphanius danfordii Boulenger , 1890Aphanius darabensis Esmaeili, Teimori, Gholami & Reichenbacher, 2014 Aphanius desioi Gianferrari, 1933 Aphanius dispar Rüppell , 1829A. d. dispar Rüppell, 1829 (Arabian toothcarp)A. d. richardsoni Boulenger, 1907 (Dead Sea toothcarp)Aphanius farsicus Teimori, Esmaeili & Reichenbacher, 2011 (Farsi toothcarp)Aphanius fasciatus Valenciennes , 1821Aphanius fontinalis Akşiray, 1948 Aphanius furcatus Teimori, Esmaeili, Erpenbeck & Reichenbacher, 2014 Aphanius ginaonis Holly, 1929 Aphanius iberus Valenciennes , 1846Aphanius iconii Akşiray, 1948 Aphanius isfahanensis Hrbek, Keivany & Coad, 2006 Aphanius kavirensis Esmaeili, Teimori, Gholami & Reichenbacher, 2014 Aphanius maeandricus Akşiray, 1948 Aphanius marassantensis Pfleiderer, Geiger & Herder, 2014 (Kızılırmak toothcarp) Aphanius mento Heckel , 1843Aphanius meridionalis Akşiray, 1948 Aphanius mesopotamicus Coad, 2009 (Mesopotamian toothcarp) Aphanius pluristriatus J. T. Jenkins, 1910 Aphanius punctatus Heckel , 1847Aphanius saldae Akşiray, 1955 Aphanius saourensis Blanco, Hrbek & Doadrio, 2006 (Sahara aphanius)Aphanius shirini Gholami, Esmaeili, Erpenbeck & Reichenbacher, 2014 Aphanius sirhani Villwock, Scholl & Krupp, 1983 (Azraq toothcarp)Aphanius sophiae Heckel, 1847 †Aphanius splendens Kosswig & Sözer, 1945 Aphanius stiassnyae Getahun & Lazara, 2001 (Lake Afdera killifish)Aphanius sureyanus W. Neu, 1937 (Burdur toothcarp)Aphanius transgrediens Ermin, 1946 (Acıgöl toothcarp)Aphanius villwocki Hrbek & Wildekamp, 2003 (Sakarya toothcarp)Aphanius vladykovi Coad, 1988 
