Formula C14H19N4+ · Cl− | Molar mass 278.78 g/mol | |
 | ||
Amprol 128 water soluble amprolium
Amprolium (INN, trade names Amprovine, Amprolium, Amprol, Anticoccid) is a coccidiostat used in poultry.
Contents
The drug is a thiamine analogue and blocks the thiamine transporter of Eimeria species. By blocking thiamine uptake it prevents carbohydrate synthesis.
Despite only moderate efficacy it is well favoured due to few resistance issues and is commonly used in conjunction with sulfonamides prophylactically in chickens and cattle as a coccidiostat.
How to pronounce amprolium
Synthesis
Coccidia are protozoans that can wreak havoc in a flock of poultry by an infection known as coccidiosis. Agents that control this disease–coccidiostats–are in view of the world's heavy dependence on poultry as a source of protein, of great economical significance.
Condensation of ethoxymethylenemalononitrile (1) with acetamidine (2) affords the substituted pyrimidine (4). The rxn may well involve conjugate addition of the amidine nitrogen to the malononitrile followed by loss of ethoxide (3); addition of the remaining amidine nitrogen to one of the nitriles will then lead to the pyrimidine (4). Reduction of the nitrile gives the corresponding aminomethyl compound (5). Exhaustive methylation of the amin followed by displacement of the activated quaternary nitrogen by bromide ion affords the key intermediate (7). Displacement of the halogen by α-picoline gives amprolium.