An Amazon Machine Image (AMI) is a special type of virtual appliance that is used to create a virtual machine within the Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud ("EC2"). It serves as the basic unit of deployment for services delivered using EC2.
Contents
Contents
Like all virtual appliances, the main component of an AMI is a read-only filesystem image that includes an operating system (e.g., Linux, Unix, or Windows) and any additional software required to deliver a service or a portion of it.
The AMI filesystem is compressed, encrypted, signed, split into a series of 10 MB chunks and uploaded into Amazon S3 for storage. An XML manifest file stores information about the AMI, including name, version, architecture, default kernel id, decryption key and digests for all of the filesystem chunks.
An AMI does not include a kernel image, only a pointer to the default kernel id, which can be chosen from an approved list of safe kernels maintained by Amazon and its partners (e.g., Red Hat, Canonical, Microsoft). Users may choose kernels other than the default when booting an AMI.
Operating systems
When it launched in August 2006, the EC2 service offered Linux and later Sun Microsystems' OpenSolaris and Solaris Express Community Edition. In October 2008, EC2 added the Windows Server 2003 and Windows Server 2008 operating systems to the list of available operating systems. As of December 2010, it has also been reported to run FreeBSD; in March 2011, NetBSD AMIs became available. In November 2012, Windows Server 2012 support was added.
Amazon Linux AMI
Amazon has their own Linux distribution based on Red Hat Enterprise Linux. This offering has been in production since September 2011, and in development since 2010. The most recent release is version 2016.09.0 and uses version 4.4.5 of the Linux kernel, among other enhancements.