Compositional type Stony | ||
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An achondrite is a stony meteorite that does not contain chondrules. It consists of material similar to terrestrial basalts or plutonic rocks and has been differentiated and reprocessed to a lesser or greater degree due to melting and recrystallization on or within meteorite parent bodies. As a result, achondrites have distinct textures and mineralogies indicative of igneous processes.
Contents
- Classification
- Primitive achondrites
- Asteroidal achondrites
- Lunar meteorites
- Martian meteorite
- References
Achondrites account for about 8% of meteorites overall, and the majority (about two thirds) of them are HED meteorites, possibly originating from the crust of asteroid 4 Vesta. Other types include Martian, Lunar, and several types thought to originate from as-yet unidentified asteroids. These groups have been determined on the basis of e.g. the Fe/Mn chemical ratio and the 17O/18O oxygen isotope ratios, thought to be characteristic "fingerprints" for each parent body.
Classification
Achondrites are classified into the following groups:
Primitive achondrites
Primitive achondrites, also called PAC group, are called in this way because their chemical composition is primitive in the sense that it is similar to the composition of chondrites, but their texture is igneous, indicative of melting processes. To this group belong:
Asteroidal achondrites
Asteroidal achondrites, also called evolved achondrites, are called in this way because have been differentiated on a parent body. This means that their mineralogical and chemical composition was changed by melting and crytallization processes. They are divided several groups:
Lunar meteorites
Lunar meteorites are meteorites that originated from the Moon.
Martian meteorite
Martian meteorites are meteorites that originated from Mars. They are divided into three main groups, with two exceptions (see last two entries):