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Births
Deaths
Establishments |
Roman Republic
Consuls: Quintus Caecilius Metellus Creticus and Quintus Hortensius.
Antiochus XIII Asiaticus is installed as king of Syria.
Roman Republic troops under Lucius Lucullus defeat the army of Tigranes II of Armenia in the Battle of Tigranocerta, and capture Tigranocerta, capital of Armenia.
Parthians and Romans re-establish Euphrates as a frontier.
Gaius Julius Caesar is a quaestor in Spain.
Egypt
Ptolemy XII deposes Cleopatra V, and becomes sole ruler.
Greece
Kydonia, an ancient city on the island of Crete falls to Roman military forces.
Rhodes becomes a bulwark against pirates, the Rhodians are unable to suppress piracy in the Aegean Sea. Delos gets the status of a free port.
Roman Republic
Consuls: Lucius Caecilius Metellus and Quintus Marcius Rex.
October 6 – Lucius Lucullus defeats Tigranes II of Armenia in the Battle of Artaxata.
Gaius Antonius Hybrida elected praetor.
Ostia, the harbour city of Ancient Rome, is sacked by pirates. The port is set on fire and the consular war fleet is destroyed.
Osroene
Abgar II becomes ruler of Osroene.
Roman Republic
Consuls: Manius Acilius Glabrio and Gaius Calpurnius Piso.
Pompey's war against the pirates, he raises a fleet of 500 warships and fights with great success.
The lex Gabinia gives Pompey command of the Mediterranean and its coasts for 50 miles inland for three years. He defeats the pirates in three months and pacifies Cilicia.
Pompey divides the Mediterranean into 13 zones – six in the West and seven in the East – to each of which he assigns a fleet under an admiral.
Pompey offers the ex-pirates and their families clemency, he settled them in agricultural colonies in eastern Mediterranean lands.
Pompey takes over the command of Lucius Lucullus in the war against Mithridates VI, and reaping the fruit of the latter's victories.
Lex Acilia Calpurnia: permanent exclusion from office in cases of electoral corruption.
Lex Roscia theatralis.
Judea
Hyrcanus II becomes king of Judea, for first time (until 66 BC), on death of his mother, Salome Alexandra.
Pontus
Mithridates VI invades Pontus. He besieged the Romans in Chalcedon (opposite Byzantium) and pressed westward along the south shores of the Sea of Marmara to attack Cyzicus.
Lucullus disperse Mithridates's invading armies and launched a counter-offensive into Pontus, where he penetrates the chain of fortress towns that defended the kingdom.
China
December – The army of the Han Dynasty Chinese commander Zheng Ji is victorious over the Xiongnu in the Battle of Jushi.
Roman Republic
In response to the illegal exercise of citizen rights by foreigners, the Roman Senate passed the Lex Papia, which expelled all foreigners from Rome.
Tigranes of Armenia was defeated and captured by Pompey, thus ending all hostilities on the northeastern frontier of Rome.
Pompey the Great subjugates Kingdom of Iberia and makes Colchis a Roman province.
Western Han Empire
9th year of the reign of Emperor Xuan of Han
Roman Republic
Servilius Rullus, Roman Republic tribune, proposes an agrarian reform law.
Pompey destroys the kingdom of Pontus; Mithridates VI commits suicide after escaping to the Crimea.
Pompey first annexed Syria, then captured Jerusalem, annexing Judea.
Syria
Antiochus XIII Asiaticus deposed; this is considered by some the end of the Seleucid dynasty.
Roman Republic
Lucullus holds a triumph, then retires from war and politics to live a life of refined luxury.
Establishment of the Decapolis and Year 1 of the Pompeian era.
Pompey conquers the people of Phonecia, Coele-Syria, and Judea for the Roman Republic.
Roman annexation of Judea as a client kingdom. King Judah Aristobulus II removed from power, while his brother John Hyrcanus II is reappointed king (ethnarch) under Roman suzerainty and high priest, until 40 BC.
Massacre of over 12,000 Jews on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem by Roman troops, in support of John Hyrcanus II against Aristobulus II.
Julius Caesar is elected Pontifex Maximus and praetor for 62 BC.
Marcus Tullius Cicero is senior consul. He is the first novus homo (new man) to be elected to the consulship in 31 years.
Cato the younger is elected tribune of the people for 62 BC, taking office in early December 63 BC.
Second Catilinarian Conspiracy against the Roman Republic is foiled by Cicero.
Pontus
Pharnaces II becomes King of Pontus.
Roman Republic
January 5 – The forces of the conspirator Catiline are defeated by the loyal Roman armies of Antonius Hybrida led by Gaius Antonius in the Battle of Pistoria.
Julius Caesar divorces Pompeia, following the sacrilege of Clodius.
Cicero delivers his Pro Archia Poeta in defense of Aulus Licinius Archias' claim to Roman citizenship.
Cato the Younger, as tribune, presents a lex frumentaria (enacting a grain dole).
Metellus Nepos, also tribune, leaves Rome.
Caesar and Bibulus are praetors.
Commagene
King Antiochus I Theos of Commagene builds his mountain-top tomb-sanctuary at Mount Nemrut.
Roman Republic
September 29 – Pompey, the Great celebrates his third triumph for victories over the pirates and the end of the Mithridatic Wars.
Marcus Pupius Piso Frugi as consul attempts to gain ratification of Pompey's Eastern Settlement.
Gaius Julius Caesar becomes governor in Hispania and creates Legio X Gemina (3,500 men). He puts down the Callaici and Lusitani rebellions.
Roman Republic
Gaius Julius Caesar suppresses an uprising and conquers all of Lusitania for Rome
Creation of the First Triumvirate, an informal political alliance between Julius Caesar, Pompey the Great and Marcus Licinius Crassus (or 59 BC)
Syria
The Seleucid Empire comes to an end with the last two Emperors being murdered on orders from Rome.
China
The Han Dynasty government establishes the Protectorate of the Western Regions, the highest military position of a military commander on the Western frontier (Tarim Basin).
Pompey, Roman general, (lived 106 BC–48 BC)
Mithridates VI, King of Pontus, (lived 132 BC–63 BC)
Philip II Philoromaeus
Gaius Antonius Hybrida, elected praetor in 66 BC
Cleopatra VII is born (69 BC–30 BC) and grows into a young girl passing age 9.
Gaius Octavius, later known as Augustus. Born in 63 BC, he would eventually become a Roman emperor.
60s BC Wikipedia (Text) CC BY-SA
