Discovery date April 4, 1858 Aphelion 471.807 Gm (3.154 AU) Semi-major axis 391.903 Gm (2.620 AU) Orbits Sun Named after Calypso | Minor planet category Main belt Perihelion 311.998 Gm (2.086 AU) Discovered 4 April 1858 Discoverer Robert Luther Asteroid group Asteroid belt | |
Discovered by Karl Theodor Robert Luther Discovery site Düsseldorf-Bilk Observatory Similar Robert Luther discoveries, Other celestial objects | ||
53 Kalypso /kəˈlɪpsoʊ/ is a large and very dark main belt asteroid that was discovered by German astronomer Robert Luther on April 4, 1858 at Düsseldorf. It is named after Calypso, a sea nymph in Greek mythology, a name it shares with Calypso, a moon of Saturn.
The orbit of 53 Kalypso places it in a mean motion resonance with the planets Jupiter and Saturn. The computed Lyapunov time for this asteroid is 19,000 years, indicating that it occupies a chaotic orbit that will change randomly over time because of gravitational perturbations of the planets.
Photometric observations of this asteroid during 2005–06 gave a light curve with a period of 18.075 ± 0.005 hours and a brightness variation of 0.14 in magnitude. In 2009, a photometric study from a different viewing angle was performed at the Organ Mesa Observatory in Las Cruces, New Mexico, yielding a rotation period of 9.036 ± 0.001 with a brightness variation of 0.14 ± 0.02 magnitude. This is exactly half of the 2005-06 result. The author of the earlier study used additional data observation that favored the 9.036 hour period. The discrepancy was deemed a consequence of viewing the asteroid from different longitudes.
Kalypso has been studied by radar.