Senate PresidentJohn C. Calhoun (DR) Senate Majority:Jackson Men
House Speaker:John W. Taylor (DR) House Majority:Anti-Jackson
Senate Pres. pro tem:John Gaillard (DR)
Nathaniel Macon (DR) Members:48 Senators
213 Representatives
3 Non-voting members
The Nineteenth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1825, to March 4, 1827, during the first two years of the administration of U.S. President John Quincy Adams. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Fourth Census of the United States in 1820. The Senate had a majority of Jackson Men, while the House had an Anti-Jackson (pro-Adams) majority.
March 4, 1825: John Quincy Adams inaugurated as President of the United States
October 26, 1825: The Erie Canal opened, providing passage from Albany, New York, to Buffalo and Lake Erie.
July 4, 1826: Both Thomas Jefferson and John Adams died on the 50th Anniversary of America's Independence
Major legislation
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Treaties signed
November 7, 1825: Treaty of St. Louis: 1,400 Missouri Shawnees were forcibly relocated from Missouri to Kansas
January 24, 1826: Treaty of Washington between the United States government and the Creek National Council, in which they ceded much of their land in Georgia
Party summary
The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this congress. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.
Senate
President: John C. Calhoun (J)
President pro tempore: John Gaillard (J), until December 4, 1825
Nathaniel Macon (J), from May 20, 1826
House of Representatives
Speaker: John W. Taylor (A)
Members
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.
Skip to House of Representatives, below
Senate
Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1826; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1828; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1830.
Changes in membership
This count reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.
Senate
replacements: 7
Adams (A): 3-seat net gain
Jacksonian (J): no net change
deaths: 4
resignations: 6
interim appointments: 4
Total seats with changes: 13
House of Representatives
replacements: 11
Anti-Jackson: 1 seat net gain
Jackson Men: 1 seat net loss
deaths: 5
resignations: 10
contested election: 1
Total seats with changes: 16
Committees
Lists of committees and their party leaders.
Senate
Agriculture
Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate
Bankruptcy (Select)
Claims
Commerce
Debt Imprisonment Abolition (Select)
Distributing Public Revenue Among the States (Select)
District of Columbia
Finance
Foreign Relations
French Spoilations (Select)
Georgia and the Creek Indians (Select)
Indian Affairs
Judiciary
Manufactures
Military Affairs
Militia
Naval Affairs
Pensions
Post Office and Post Roads
Private Land Claims
Public Lands
Roads and Canals (Select)
Tariff Regulation (Select)
Whole
House of Representatives
Accounts
Agriculture
American Colonization Society (Select)
Apportionment of Representatives (Select)
Bills of Exchange (Select)
Claims
Commerce
District of Columbia
Elections
Expenditures in the Navy Department
Expenditures in the Post Office Department
Expenditures in the State Department
Expenditures in the Treasury Department
Expenditures in the War Department
Expenditures on Public Buildings
Foreign Affairs
Indian Affairs
Manufactures
Military Affairs
Military Pensions
Naval Affairs
Post Office and Post Roads
Public Expenditures
Public Lands
Revisal and Unfinished Business
Revolutionary Claims
Rules (Select)
Standards of Official Conduct
Territories
Ways and Means
Whole
Joint committees
Enrolled Bills
Police and Preservation of the Capital
Employees
Architect of the Capitol: Charles Bulfinch
Librarian of Congress: George Watterston
Senate
Chaplain: William Staughton (Baptist), elected December 12, 1825
William Ryland (Methodist), elected December 8, 1826
Secretary of the Senate: Charles Cutts, until December 12, 1825
