Bertrand Russell was awarded the 1950 Nobel Prize in Literature "in recognition of his varied and significant writings in which he champions humanitarian ideals and freedom of thought".
Martin Heidegger, Off the Beaten Track including the essay The Origin of the Work of Art (originally published in German as Holzwege in 1950)
Norbert Wiener, The Human Use of Human Beings (1950)
Ernst Gombrich, The Story of Art (1950)
Alan Turing, Computing Machinery and Intelligence (1950)
Seyla Benhabib (September 9)
Constantin Carathéodory (February 2)
Alfred Korzybski (March 1)
Olaf Stapledon (September 6)
Nicolai Hartmann (October 9)
1950 in philosophy Wikipedia (Text) CC BY-SA
