1946

January

January 6 – A revised and streamlined revival of Kern and Hammerstein's Show Boat opens on Broadway at the Ziegfeld Theatre.

January 7 – The Allies recognize the Austrian republic with its 1937 borders, and divide the country into four occupation zones.

January 10

The first meeting of the United Nations is held at Methodist Central Hall Westminster in London.

Project Diana bounces radar waves off the Moon, measuring the exact distance between the Earth and the Moon, and proves that communication is possible between Earth and outer space, effectively opening the Space Age.

January 11

Enver Hoxha declares the People's Republic of Albania, with himself as prime minister.

Porfirio Barba-Jacob's ashes go back to Colombia.

January 16 – Charles de Gaulle resigns as a head of a French provisional government.

January 17

The United Nations Security Council holds its first session at Church House, Westminster in London.

United States Senator Dennis Chávez (D-NM) calls for a vote on a Fair Employment Practice Committee bill which calls for an end to discrimination in the workplace. A filibuster prevents it from passing.

January 19 – The Bell XS-1 is test flown for the first time (unpowered), with Bell's chief test pilot Jack Woolams at the controls.

January 20 – Charles de Gaulle resigns as president of France.

January 22

Iran crisis of 1946: Qazi Muhammad declares the independent people's Republic of Mahabad at the Chahar Cheragh Square in the Kurdish city of Mahabad. He is the new president, Haji Baba Sheikh is the prime minister.

The National Intelligence Authority and its operational arm the Central Intelligence Group are established in the United States; these become part of the Central Intelligence Agency in 1947.

January 25 – The United Mine Workers rejoins the American Federation of Labor.

January 28 – The Canadian schooner Bluenose founders on a Haitian reef.

January 31

The last session of the Permanent Court of International Justice occurs.

Yugoslavia's new constitution, modeling the Soviet Union, establishes 6 constituent republics (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Slovenia).

February

February 1

Trygve Lie of Norway is selected as the first United Nations Secretary-General.

The Kingdom of Hungary becomes a republic, heavily influenced by the Soviet Union.

February 14

The Bank of England is nationalized.

ENIAC (for "Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer"), an early general-purpose electronic computer, is unveiled at the University of Pennsylvania.

February 15 – Canada indicts 22 communist agents.

February 20 – An explosion kills more than 400 coal miners in West Germany.

February 24 – Juan Perón is elected president of Argentina.

February 28 – In Philadelphia, General Electric strikers and police clash.

March

March 2

British troops withdraw from Iran according to treaty; the Soviets do not.

Ho Chi Minh is elected President of North Vietnam.

March 4 – C. G. E. Mannerheim resigns as president of Finland.

March 5 – In his speech at Westminster College, in Fulton, Missouri, Winston Churchill talks about the Iron Curtain.

March 6 – Vietnam War: Ho Chi Minh signs an agreement with France which recognizes Vietnam as an autonomous state in the Indochinese Federation and the French Union.

March 7 – The 18th Academy Awards ceremony is held. Best Picture goes to The Lost Weekend.

March 9

Juho Kusti Paasikivi becomes president of Finland.

Bolton Wanderers stadium disaster at Burnden Park, Bolton, England, 33 killed and hundreds amongst the injured

March 10 – British troops begin withdrawing from Lebanon.

March 15 – Clement Attlee promises independence to India as soon as they can agree on a constitution.

March 19

The Soviet Union and Switzerland resume diplomatic relations.

French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique and Réunion become overseas départements of France.

March 22 – The United Kingdom grants Transjordan, as it is then known, its independence; 3 years later the country changes its name to Jordan.

March 29 – The Gold Coast has an African majority in its parliament.

April

April 1

The 8.6 Mw Aleutian Islands earthquake shakes the Aleutian Islands with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VI (Strong). A destructive tsunami reaches the Hawaiian Islands resulting in many deaths, mostly in Hilo. Between 165 and 173 were killed.

The Malayan Union is formed.

Singapore becomes a Crown colony.

April 3 – Japanese Lt. General Masaharu Homma is executed outside Manila, the Philippines for leading the Bataan Death March.

April 10 – In Japan, women vote for the first time, during elections for the House of Representatives of the 90th Imperial Diet.

April 14 – A member of Nakam, the "Jewish Avengers", poisons with arsenic the bread of SS prisoners of war held at Stalag XIII-D by the Americans.

April 17 – Syria's independence from France is officially recognized.

April 18

The inaugural session of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) occurs.

The United States recognizes Josip Broz Tito's government in Yugoslavia.

The League of Nations, in its last meeting, transfers its mission to the United Nations and disbands itself.

April 23 – The Eastern Pennsylvania Basketball League (which is now the CBA) is founded.

April 27 – FA Cup: Derby County beat Charlton Athletic in the first FA Cup final since 1939.

April 28 – Pestalozzi Children's Village (Kinderdorf Pestalozzi) established at Trogen in Switzerland to accommodate and educate orphans of World War II according to Pestalozzian principles.

April 29 – Trial against war criminals begin in Tokyo; the accused include Hideki Tōjō, Shigenori Tōgō and Hiroshi Ōshima.

May

May 1 – At least 800 Indigenous Australian pastoral workers walk off the job in Northwest Western Australia, starting one of the longest industrial strikes in Australia.

May 2 – Six inmates unsuccessfully try to escape from Alcatraz Prison. A riot occurs, the "Battle of Alcatraz".

May 7 – Tokyo Telecommunications Engineering (later renamed Sony) is founded with about 20 employees.

May 9 – King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy abdicates, and is succeeded by his son Umberto II.

May 10

Jawaharlal Nehru is elected leader of the Congress Party in India.

The first V-2 rocket is successfully launched at the White Sands Missile Range.

May 20 – The British House of Commons decides to nationalize mines.

May 21 – At the Los Alamos Laboratory, Dr. Louis Slotin saves his coworkers but receives a fatal dose of ionizing radiation (the incident is initially classified).

May 22 – The Hashemite Kingdom of Transjordan is founded.

May 25 – The parliament of Transjordan makes emir Abdullah their king.

May 26 – Czechoslovak parliamentary election, with Communist victory (38%), last before communists take power.

May 31 – A Greek referendum supports the return of the monarchy.

June

June 1

Ion Antonescu, prime minister and "Conducator" (Leader) of Romania during World War II is executed; he was found guilty of betraying the Romanian people for benefits of Germany and sentenced to death by the Bucharest People's Tribunal.

D'Argenlieu, French High Commissioner for Indo-China recognizes an autonomous "Republic of Cochin-China" in violation of the March 6 Ho–Sainteny agreement, opening the way for conflict between the Viet Minh and France.

June 2 – In a referendum, Italians decide to turn Italy from a monarchy into a republic. Women vote for the first time.

June 3 – The Interpol organization re-founded, telegraphic address "Interpol" adopted.

June 6 – The Basketball Association of America is formed in New York City.

June 8 – In Indonesia, Sukarno incites his supporters to fight Dutch colonial occupation.

June 9 – In Thailand, King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX) accedes the throne after the mysterious death of his brother, King Ananda Mahidol (Rama VIII). He will reign until his death in October 2016.

June 10 – Italy is declared a republic.

June 13 – Umberto II of Italy leaves the country and goes into exile in Portugal; Alcide De Gasperi becomes head of state.

June 14 – The Baruch Plan is proposed to the United Nations.

June 17

A tornado on the Detroit River kills 17.

Laurence Olivier's Henry V opens in the United States nearly 2 years after its release in England. It is the first Shakespeare film in color, and critics hail it as the finest film of a Shakespeare play ever made.

June 23

1946 Vancouver Island earthquake.

The National Democratic Front wins a landslide victory in the municipal elections in French India.

June 25 – International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) (World Bank) begins operations.

June 30 – The War Relocation Authority is abolished.

July

July 1 – Nuclear testing: Operation Crossroads, a series of nuclear weapon tests conducted by the United States at Bikini Atoll in Micronesia, is initiated by detonation of Able at an altitude of 520 feet (158 m).

July 4

Ankara University is founded in Turkey.

After more than 380 years of Western dominance, the Philippines attains full independence.

The Kielce Pogrom takes place in Poland.

July 5 – The bikini is first modeled in Paris.

July 7

Mother Frances Xavier Cabrini becomes the first American saint to be canonized.

Howard Hughes nearly dies in a test flight of the Hughes XF-11, which crashes in a Beverly Hills neighborhood due to a propeller malfunction.

July 16 – Bureau of Land Management (BLM) within Department of the Interior (formed by merger of Grazing Service and General Land Office).

July 21 – An Irgun bomb explodes in Jerusalem due to secretive talks between Jews and Britain to consolidate the state of Israel.

July 22 – King David Hotel bombing: The Irgun bombs the King David Hotel (headquarters of the British civil and military administration) in Jerusalem, killing 90.

July 25

Nuclear testing: In the first underwater test of the atomic bomb, the surplus USS Saratoga is sunk near Bikini Atoll in the Pacific Ocean, when the United States detonates the Baker device during Operation Crossroads.

At Club 500 in Atlantic City, New Jersey, Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis stage their first show as a comedy team.

In the last mass lynching in the United States, a mob of white men shoot and kill two African-American couples near Moore's Ford Bridge in Georgia.

August

August 1

The United States Atomic Energy Commission is established.

The Fulbright Program, a system of U.S. international educational exchange scholarships, is established.

The Hungarian forint is introduced in Hungary by the government, ending the world's biggest hyperinflation in the country.

The Scandinavian Airlines System is founded as a consortium of the flag carriers of Sweden, Denmark and Norway.

August 3 – Santa Claus Land (now Holiday World), opens to the public at Santa Claus, Indiana. It becomes the first themed park, preceding Disneyland by 9 years.

August 4 – The 1946 Dominican Republic earthquake (magnitude 8.0) hits the northern Dominican Republic, killing 100 and leaving 20,000 homeless.

August 16

Direct Action Day: Violence between Muslims and Hindus in Calcutta begins "The Week of the Long Knives" which leaves 3,000 dead.

The All Hyderabad Trade Union Congress is founded in Secunderabad.

The Kurdistan Democratic Party is founded in South Kurdistan.

August 18 – The Vergarola explosion in Croatia kills 70.

August 25 – American golfer Ben Hogan wins the PGA Championship.

September

September 1 – 1946 Turin Grand Prix, a first recorded officially Formula One Grand Prix Motor Race held in Italy.

September 2 – The Interim Government of India takes charge, with Jawaharlal Nehru as Vice President, as part of the transition from the British Raj to full independence for India and Pakistan.

September 4 – Street violence between Muslims and Hindus erupts in Bombay.

September 8 – Bulgaria is declared a People's Republic after a referendum; King Simeon II leaves.

September 24 – Cathay Pacific Airways is founded in Hong Kong by American Roy Farrell and Australian Sydney de Kantzow.

September 28 – George II of Greece returns to Athens.

October

October 1 – Mensa, an international organization for people with a high intelligence quotient (IQ), is founded by Roland Berrill, an Australian-born lawyer, and Dr Lancelot Ware, an English biochemist and lawyer, in Oxford.

October 2 – Communists take over in Bulgaria.

October 6 – Sweden's Prime Minister Per Albin Hansson dies in office of a heart attack.

October 10 – Commencement of the Noakhali genocide of Hindus in Bengal at the hands of Muslim mobs.

October 11 – After a few days of vacancy, the Swedish premiership is taken over by Tage Erlander.

October 13 – France adopts the constitution of the Fourth Republic.

October 14 – International Organization for Standardization (ISO) founded.

October 15 – Nuremberg trials: Hermann Göring, founder of the Gestapo and recently convicted Nazi war criminal, poisons himself two hours before his scheduled execution.

October 16

The remaining ten Nazi war criminals sentenced to death at the Nuremberg trials are executed by hanging in a gymnasium in the Nuremberg Palace of Justice.

The United Nations' first meeting in Long Island is held.

November

November 1 – In the first Basketball Association of America game, the New York Knicks defeat the Toronto Huskies 68–66 at Toronto's Maple Leaf Gardens.

November 4 – UNESCO established as a specialized agency of the United Nations.

November 5 – Senate and House elections in the United States both give majorities to the Republicans.

November 10

At least 1,400 people are killed in an earthquake measuring 7.4 on the Richter magnitude scale, in the Ancash Region and Quiches District in Peru.

The Slimbridge Wetland Reserve opens in England.

November 12

A truce is declared between Indonesian nationalist troops and the Dutch army in Indonesia.

In Chicago, a branch of the Exchange National Bank (now part of the LaSalle Bank) opens the first 10 drive-up teller windows.

November 15 – The Netherlands recognizes the Republic of Indonesia.

November 17 – Eight British servicemen are killed in Jerusalem by Jewish nationalists.

November 19

Afghanistan, Iceland and Sweden join the United Nations.

Romanian general election, 1946: The Romanian Communist Party wins 79.86% of the vote through widespread intimidation tactics and electoral fraud.

November 22 – Tony Benn is elected as Treasurer of the Oxford Union.

November 23

Vietnamese riot in Haiphong and clash with French troops. The French cruiser Suffren opens fire, killing 6,000 Vietnamese.

The Workers' Party of South Korea is founded.

November 27 – Cold War: Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru appeals to the United States and the Soviet Union to end nuclear testing and to start nuclear disarmament, stating that such an action would "save humanity from the ultimate disaster."

November 29 – The All Indonesia Centre of Labour Organizations (SOBSI) is founded in Jakarta.

December

December 1 – Miguel Alemán Valdés takes office as President of Mexico.

December 2 – The International Whaling Commission was signed in Washington, D.C. to "provide for the proper conservation of whale stocks and thus make possible the orderly development of the whaling industry".

December 7 – A fire at the Winecoff Hotel in Atlanta, United States kills 119.

December 11 – UNICEF (the United Nations Children's Emergency Fund) is founded.

December 12

The United Nations severs relations with Franco's Spain and recommends that member countries sever diplomatic relations.

Léon Blum founds a government of socialist parties in France.

Iran crisis of 1946: Iranian troops recapture the Azerbaijan province.

December 14 – The International Labour Organization becomes a specialized agency of the United Nations.

December 15

First French India Representative Assembly election held.

Iran crisis of 1946: Iranian troops recapture the Kurdish Republic of Mahabad.

December 16 – Siam joins the United Nations (changes name to Thailand in 1949).

December 19 – Viet Minh forces begin a war against French occupying forces in Vietnam, succeeding in 1954 with France's surrender at the Battle of Dien Bien Phu.

December 20

Frank Capra's It's a Wonderful Life, featuring James Stewart, Donna Reed, Lionel Barrymore, Henry Travers, and Thomas Mitchell, is released in New York.

At least 1,362 people are killed in an earthquake and associated tsunami in Japan.

December 22 – The Havana Conference begins between U.S. organized crime bosses in Havana, Cuba.

December 24 – France's Fourth Republic is founded.

December 25 – The first artificial, self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction in Europe was initiated within the Soviet (Russian) nuclear reactor F-1.

December 26

The Flamingo Hotel opens on the Las Vegas Strip.

David Lean's Great Expectations, based on the Charles Dickens novel, and featuring John Mills, Valerie Hobson, Martita Hunt, Alec Guinness, Francis L. Sullivan, Jean Simmons, and Finlay Currie, is released to great acclaim in the UK.

December 31 – President Harry S. Truman delivers Proclamation 2714, which officially ends hostilities in World War II.

Date unknown

The 20 mm M61 Vulcan Gatling gun contract is released.

Female suffrage is enacted in Belgium, Romania, Yugoslavia, Argentina and the Canadian province of Quebec.

The first female police officers are hired in Korea and Japan.

The Chinese Civil War intensifies between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China.

The first Tupperware is sold in department and hardware stores.

The British government takes emergency powers to deal with the balance-of-payments crisis.

Eva Perón tours Spain, Italy and France on behalf of Argentina, a circuit called the Rainbow Tour.

The NFL team San Francisco 49ers is formed.

The Casio company is founded by engineer Tadao Kashio.

Binghamton University is founded.

Births

1946 was the only year so far, in which three American presidents were born.

January

January 1

Roberto Rivelino, Brazilian football player

Alain Voss, Brazilian-French comics artist (d. 2011)

January 3

John Paul Jones, English rock bassist (Led Zeppelin, Them Crooked Vultures)

Cissy King, American dancer and singer

January 5 – Diane Keaton, American actress and film director

January 6 – Syd Barrett, English rock guitarist and singer-songwriter (d. 2006)

January 8

Robby Krieger, American rock musician (The Doors)

Stanton Peele, American psychologist

January 9 – Mogens Lykketoft, Danish politician

January 11

Naomi Judd, American country singer

John Piper, American theologian

Ha Yu, Hong Kong actor

January 12 – George Duke, American musician (d. 2013)

January 14

Feró Nagy, Hungarian singer

Harold Shipman, British serial killer (d. 2004)

January 16

Kabir Bedi, Indian actor

Katia Ricciarelli, Italian singer

January 18 – Joseph Deiss, Swiss Federal Councillor

January 19

Julian Barnes, English novelist

Dolly Parton, American singer-songwriter, actress, businesswoman and philanthropist

January 20 – David Lynch, American film director

January 21 – Johnny Oates, American baseball player and manager (d. 2004)

January 22

Malcolm McLaren, British music manager (d. 2010)

Serge Savard, Canadian hockey player and executive

January 23 – Arnoldo Alemán, President of Nicaragua

January 24 – Michael Ontkean, Canadian actor

January 25 – Géza Bereményi, Hungarian writer, screenwriter and film director

January 26

Gene Siskel, American film critic (d. 1999)

Michel Delpech, French singer-songwriter and actor (d. 2016)

January 27 – Nedra Talley, American singer (The Ronettes)

January 29 – Bettye LaVette, American soul singer-songwriter

January 31 – Terry Kath, American rock musician (d. 1978)

February

February 1 – Elisabeth Sladen, English actress (d. 2011)

February 2

Isaias Afwerki, President of Eritrea

Blake Clark, American actor and comedian

February 5 – Charlotte Rampling, British actress

February 6

Kate McGarrigle, Canadian singer-songwriter (d. 2010)

Jim Turner, American politician

February 7 – Pete Postlethwaite, English actor (d. 2011)

February 9 – Seán Neeson, Northern Irish politician

February 13 – Colin Matthews, British composer

February 14

Bernard Dowiyogo, 7-Time President of Nauru (d. 2003)

Gregory Hines, American dancer and actor (d. 2003)

February 19 – Karen Silkwood, American activist (d. 1974)

February 20 – Brenda Blethyn, English actress

February 21

Tyne Daly, American actress

Anthony Daniels, English actor

Alan Rickman, English actor and film director (d. 2016)

February 25

Andrew Ang, retired judge of the Supreme Court of Singapore

Franz Xaver Kroetz, German dramatist

Jean Todt, French motorsport boss

February 26 – Ahmed Zewail, Egyptian-born chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2016)

February 28

Robin Cook, British politician (d. 2005)

Don Francisco, American Christian musician

March

March 1

Jan Kodeš, Czech tennis player

Lana Wood, American actress and producer

March 4

Michael Ashcroft, English entrepreneur

Haile Gerima, Ethiopian filmmaker

Harvey Goldsmith, British impresario

March 5

Murray Head, English singer and actor

Lova Moor, French singer and dancer

March 6 – David Gilmour, English rock musician (Pink Floyd)

March 7

Okko Kamu, Finnish conductor and violinist

Peter Wolf, American rock musician (The J. Geils Band)

March 10 – Mike Hollands, Australian animator

March 12

Frank Welker, American voice actor and singer

Liza Minnelli, American singer and actress

March 13 – Yonatan Netanyahu, American-born Israeli Army officer, killed in Operation Entebbe (d. 1976)

March 15 – Bobby Bonds, American baseball player and manager (d. 2003)

March 17 – Georges J. F. Köhler, German biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1995)

March 21 – Timothy Dalton, Welsh actor

March 25 – Cliff Balsom, English footballer

March 26 – Johnny Crawford, American child actor and musician

March 27

Olaf Malolepski, German musician (Die Flippers)

Mike Jackson, former MLB pitcher.

March 28 – Alejandro Toledo, former President of Peru

March 29 – Billy Thorpe, English-born Australian singer-songwriter (d. 2007)

March 30

Bill Plympton, American cartoonist

Carolyn Simpson, judge of the Supreme Court of New South Wales

March 31 – Gonzalo Márquez, Venezuelan Major League Baseball player (d. 1984)

April

April 3 – Hanna Suchocka, Prime Minister of Poland

April 4 – Dave Hill, English guitarist (Slade)

April 5

Jane Asher, English actress

János Bródy, Hungarian singer, guitarist, composer and songwriter

Björn Granath, Swedish actor (d. 2017)

April 7

Colette Besson, French track and field athlete (d. 2005)

Léon Krier, Luxembourgian architect

April 8 – Catfish Hunter, American baseball player (d. 1999)

April 11 – Chris Burden, American artist (d. 2015)

April 12 – Ed O'Neill, American actor

April 16 – Margot Adler, American journalist

April 18 – Hayley Mills, English actress

April 19 – Tim Curry, British actor, singer and composer

April 20

Julien Poulin, Canadian actor

Ricardo Maduro, President of Honduras

April 22

John Waters, American film director

Paul Davies, English physicist

April 25

John Fox, British statistician

Talia Shire, American actress

Strobe Talbott, American journalist

Vladimir Zhirinovsky, Russian politician

April 28 – Larissa Grunig, American public relations theorist and feminist

April 30 – King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden

May

May 1 – Joanna Lumley, English actress and author

May 2

Lesley Gore, American rock singer (d. 2015)

Ralf Gothóni, Finnish pianist, conductor and composer

May 4 – John Watson, Northern Irish racecar driver

May 5 – Jim Kelly, American actor, martial artist and tennis player (d. 2013)

May 7

Thelma Houston, American singer

Michael Rosen, British novelist and poet

May 9

Candice Bergen, American actress

Drafi Deutscher, German Schlager singer (d. 2006)

May 10

Graham Gouldman, English songwriter and musician (10cc, Wax)

Donovan Leitch, Scottish rock musician

Dave Mason, English rock musician (Traffic)

Birutė Galdikas, Canadian anthropologist, primatologist, conservationist, ethologist, and author

May 11 – Robert Jarvik, American physicist and artificial heart inventor

May 12 – Richard Bruce Silverman, John Evans Professor of Chemistry at Northwestern University

May 15 – Klaus-Peter Siegloch, German journalist

May 16 – Robert Fripp, British musician

May 17 – Udo Lindenberg, German musician

May 18 – Reggie Jackson, American baseball player

May 19

André the Giant, French professional wrestler (d. 1993)

Claude Lelièvre, Belgian Commissioner for Children Rights

Roger Sloman, English actor

May 20 – Cher, American actress and rock singer

May 22

George Best, Northern Irish footballer (d. 2005)

Howard Kendall, English footballer (d. 2015)

May 23 – Frederik de Groot, Dutch actor

May 26 – Mick Ronson, English guitarist (d. 1993)

May 28 – K. Satchidanandan, Malayalam poet

May 29 – Fernando Buesa, Basque politician (d. 2000)

May 30 – Candy Lightner, American founder of Mothers Against Drunk Driving

May 31 – Adriana Bittel, Romanian writer

June

June 1 – Brian Cox, Scottish actor

June 2

Peter Sutcliffe, English serial killer

Tomomichi Nishimura, Japanese voice actor

June 4 – Suzanne Ciani, American pianist and electronic composer

June 5 – Stefania Sandrelli, Italian actress

June 7

Jenny Jones, Palestinian-Canadian comedian and talk show hostess

Robert Tilton, American televangelist and author

June 8 – Pearlette Louisy, Governor-General of St. Lucia

June 10 – Fernando Balzaretti, Mexican actor (d. 1998)

June 13 – Paul L. Modrich, American biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry

June 14 – Donald Trump, American politician and real estate magnate, 45th President of the United States

June 15

Noddy Holder, English rock singer (Slade)

Janet Lennon, American singer (The Lennon Sisters)

Demis Roussos, Greek singer (d. 2015)

June 17 – Marcy Kaptur, U.S. Representative for the Ninth Congressional District of Ohio

June 18

Bruce Alexander, English actor

Russell Ash, British author (d. 2010)

Fabio Capello, Italian football player and manager

June 20 – Xanana Gusmão, 1st President of East Timor

June 22

Kay Redfield Jamison, American psychiatrist

Józef Oleksy, 7th Prime Minister of Poland (d. 2015)

June 23 – Ted Shackelford, American actor

June 24

Ellison Onizuka, American astronaut (d. 1986)

Robert Reich, 22nd United States Secretary of Labor

June 25 – Pete Vanderwaal, Dutch engineer

June 26 – Maria von Welser, German TV journalist and President of UNICEF Germany

June 28 – Gilda Radner, American comedian and actress (d. 1989)

June 29

Egon von Fürstenberg, Swiss fashion designer (d. 2004)

Gitte Hænning, Danish singer

Ernesto Pérez Balladares, President of Panama

July

July 1

Stefan Aust, German journalist and editor-in-chief of the weekly news magazine Der Spiegel from 1994 to 2008

Mireya Moscoso, President of Panama

July 2 – Richard Axel, American scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

July 3 – Leszek Miller, Prime Minister of Poland

July 4

Sam Hunt, New Zealand poet

Michael Milken, American financier

Ed O'Ross, American actor

July 6

George W. Bush, 43rd President of the United States

Sylvester Stallone, American actor, screenwriter and film director

July 9

Mitch Mitchell, English drummer (The Jimi Hendrix Experience) (d. 2008)

Bon Scott, Australian rock singer (AC/DC) (d. 1980)

July 10 – Sue Lyon, American actress

July 11 – Jack Wrangler, American porn star (d. 2009)

July 13 – Cheech Marin, American actor and comedian

July 14 – John Wood, Australian actor

July 15

Hassanal Bolkiah, Sultan of Brunei

Linda Ronstadt, American singer and songwriter

July 16

Toshio Furukawa, Japanese voice actor

Dave Goelz, American puppeteer

Ron Yary, American football player

July 17 – Alun Armstrong, English actor

July 19 – Ilie Năstase, Romanian tennis player

July 22

Danny Glover, American actor and film director

Mireille Mathieu, French singer

July 23 – Sally Flynn, American singer

July 25 – Rita Marley, Jamaican singer

July 29 – Ximena Armas, Chilean painter

July 30 – Neil Bonnett, American race car driver (d. 1994)

August

August 1

Mike Emrick, American sportscaster

Sandi Griffiths, American singer

August 3 – Jack Straw, English politician

August 5 – Ron Silliman, American poet

August 8 – Ralph Gonsalves, 4th Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

August 9 – Jim Kiick, American football player

August 12 – Terry Nutkins, English naturalist (d. 2012)

August 13 – Janet Yellen, American Chair of the Federal Reserve

August 16 – Lesley Ann Warren, American actress and singer

August 17 – Drake Levin, né Levinshefski, American rock guitarist (Paul Revere & the Raiders)

August 19

Charles Bolden, American astronaut

Bill Clinton, 42nd President of the United States

Beat Raaflaub, Swiss conductor

August 20

Connie Chung, American reporter

Ralf Hütter, German techno singer and musician (Kraftwerk)

N. R. Narayana Murthy, Indian businessman

August 23 – Keith Moon, English rock drummer (The Who) (d. 1978)

August 24 – John Grahl, British economist

August 25

Rollie Fingers, American baseball player

Charles Ghigna, American poet and children's author

August 26

Valerie Simpson, American singer

Mark Snow, American composer

Zhou Ji, education minister of the People's Republic of China

August 29

Jean-Baptiste Bagaza, 2nd President of Burundi (d. 2016)

Bob Beamon, American athlete

Demetris Christofias, sixth president of Cyprus

Leona Gom, Canadian novelist and poet

September

September 1

Barry Gibb, English-born Australian singer (Bee Gees)

Roh Moo-hyun, President of South Korea (d. 2009)

September 2

Dan White, American politician and murderer (d. 1985)

Luis Ávalos, Cuban-born American character actor

Billy Preston, American soul musician (d. 2006)

September 3 – Francisco Trois, Brazilian chess player

September 4

Gary Duncan, American rock guitarist (Quicksilver Messenger Service)

Greg Elmore, American rock drummer (Quicksilver Messenger Service)

September 5

Dennis Dugan, American actor and director

Freddie Mercury, Lead singer and pianist of British rock group Queen (d. 1991)

September 7

Willie Crawford, American baseball player (d. 2004)

Francisco Varela, Chilean biologist (d. 2001)

September 8 – Aziz Sancar, Turkish biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry

September 9

Doug Ingle, American rock vocalist (Iron Butterfly)

Bruce Palmer, Canadian musician (Buffalo Springfield) (d. 2004)

September 10

Jim Hines, American athlete

Don Powell, English rock drummer (Slade)

September 15

Tommy Lee Jones, American actor

Oliver Stone, American film director and producer

September 18

Peter Alsop, American musician

Akira Kamiya, Japanese voice actor

September 19 – Connie Kreski, American model (d. 1995)

September 21

Mikhail Kovalchuk, Russian physicist and official

Moritz Leuenberger, Swiss Federal Councilor

Richard St. Clair, American musician and composer

Mart Siimann, Prime Minister of Estonia

September 23 – Franz Fischler, Austrian politician

September 24 – Lars Emil Johansen, Prime Minister of Greenland

September 25

Morari Bapu, Hindu Kathakaar

Felicity Kendal, British actress

Jerry Penrod, American bass player

September 26

Andrea Dworkin, American feminist and writer (d. 2005)

Radha Krishna Mainali, Nepalese politician

Christine Todd Whitman, American politician

September 28 – Jeffrey Jones, American actor

September 30

Héctor Lavoe, Puerto Rican singer (d. 1993)

Claude Vorilhon, French-born 'messenger' of Raëlism

October

October 1 – Tim O'Brien, American author

October 2

Gen. Sonthi Boonyaratglin, President of the Council for National Security and Commander-in-Chief of the Royal Thai Army

Marie-Georges Pascal, French actress

October 3 – P. P. Arnold, American singer

October 4 – Susan Sarandon, American actress

October 6

Lloyd Doggett, American politician

Renate Holub, German philosopher

October 7

Xue Jinghua, Chinese ballerina

Catharine MacKinnon, American feminist

October 8

Hanan Ashrawi, Palestinian scholar and legislator

John T. Walton, son of Wal-Mart founder Sam Walton (d. 2005)

October 9 – Tansu Çiller, Turkish politician

October 10

Anne Boyd, Australian musician

Mildred Grieveson, British writer

Naoto Kan, 61st Prime Minister of Japan

Chris Tarrant, British radio and TV personality

October 11

Amitabh Bachchan, Indian actor

Daryl Hall, American rock musician (Hall & Oates)

Sawao Kato, Japanese gymnast

October 13

Edwina Currie, English politician

Dorothy Moore, American singer

Demond Wilson, American actor and minister

October 14

Craig Venter, American biotechnologist

François Bozizé, President of the Central African Republic

Joey de Leon, Filipino actor and host

Justin Hayward, English rock singer and songwriter (The Moody Blues)

October 15

Richard Carpenter, American pop musician and composer (The Carpenters)

John Getz, American actor

Marsha Hunt, American singer and novelist

October 16

Suzanne Somers, American actress and singer

Elizabeth Witmer, Dutch-born politician

October 17

Vicki Hodge, English actress and model

Bob Seagren, American athlete and actor

October 18

James Robert Baker, American novelist, screenwriter

Howard Shore, Canadian film composer

Andrea Zsadon, Hungarian soprano

October 19 – Philip Pullman, English author

October 20

Marty Gervais, Canadian writer

Elfriede Jelinek, Austrian writer, Nobel Prize laureate

October 21 – Lyn Allison, Australian politician

October 22 – Eileen Gordon, British politician

October 25 – Edith Leyrer, Austrian actress

October 26 – Pat Sajak, American game-show host

October 27

Leslie L. Byrne, American politician

Ivan Reitman, Slovakian-born film director and producer

October 28 – Sharon Thesen, Canadian poet

October 29 – Kathryn J. Whitmire, Texas politician; Mayor of Houston, Texas

October 30

Lynne Marta, American actress

Andrea Mitchell, American journalist

October 31 – Stephen Rea, Northern Irish actor

November

November 1

Ric Grech, British rock bassist (d. 1990)

Lynne Russell, American newsreader

November 2 – Giuseppe Sinopoli, Italian conductor and composer (d. 2001)

November 4

Laura Bush, former First Lady of the United States

Les Lannom, American actor and musician

Robert Mapplethorpe, American photographer (d. 1989)

November 5

Herman Brood, Dutch artist (d. 2001)

Loleatta Holloway, American singer (d. 2011)

Gram Parsons, American musician (d. 1973)

November 6 – Sally Field, American actress and singer

November 7 – Diane Francis, Canadian journalist

November 8

Stella Chiweshe, Zimbabwean musician

John Farrar, Australian guitarist, singer and songwriter (The Shadows & Marvin, Welch & Farrar)

Guus Hiddink, Dutch football player and manager

November 10 – Alaina Reed Hall, American actress (d. 2009)

November 11 – Corrine Brown, American politician

November 12 – P. P. Arnold, English singer

November 13 – Ohara Reiko, Japanese actress

November 14 – Carola Dunn, English writer

November 15

Gwyneth Powell, British actress

Sandy Skoglund, American photographer

November 16

Mahasti, Iranian singer (d. 2007)

Terence McKenna, American writer, philosopher, ethnobotanist and shaman (d. 2000)

November 17 – Petra Burka, Canadian figure skater

November 18 – Andrea Allan, Scottish actress

November 20

Greg Cook, American football player (d, 2012)

Judy Woodruff, American television reporter

November 21

Emma Cohen, Spanish actress

Chaviva Hošek, Czech-born feminist

Ulla Jessen, Danish actress

Jacky Lafon, Belgian actress

Marina Warner, English writer

November 22 – Anne Wheeler, Canadian television and film director

November 23 – Diana Quick, English actress

November 24 – Ted Bundy, American serial killer (d. 1989)

November 25 – Marika Lindström, Swedish actress

November 26 – Ottilia Borbáth, Romanian-Hungarian actress

November 27

Richard Codey, American politician, 53rd Governor of New Jersey

Nina Maslova, Russian actress

November 28 – Regina Braga, Brazilian actress

November 29

Brian Cadd, Australian singer-songwriter

Suzy Chaffee, American singer and actress

November 30

Marina Abramović, Yugoslavian performance artist

Barbara Cubin, U.S. Congresswoman from Wyoming

December

December 2 – Gianni Versace, Italian fashion designer (d. 1997)

December 3

Marjana Lipovšek, Slovenian singer and actress

Joop Zoetemelk, Dutch cyclist

December 4

Sherry Alberoni, American actress and voice artist

Yō Inoue, Japanese voice actress (d. 2003)

December 5

José Carreras, Spanish tenor

Eva-Britt Svensson, Swedish politician

December 6

Nancy Brinker, American health activist and diplomat

Chelsea Brown, American actress

December 8

Jacques Bourboulon, French photographer

John Rubinstein, American actor

Sharmila Tagore, Indian actress

December 9 – Sonia Gandhi, Indian politician

December 10

Chrystos, American poet

Thomas Lux, American poet

December 11

Rhoma Irama, Indonesian dangdut musician, actor and politician

Susan Kyle, American writer

Ellen Meloy, American writer (d. 2004)

December 12

Emerson Fittipaldi, Brazilian racing car driver

Gloria Loring, American singer

December 13 – Nicholas Kollerstrom, British writer

December 14

Antony Beevor, English historian

Jane Birkin, English actress and singer

Patty Duke, American actress (d. 2016)

Lynne Marie Stewart, American actress

December 16

Benny Andersson, Swedish rock singer and songwriter

Alice Aycock, American sculptor

Trevor Pinnock, English harpsichordist and conductor

December 17

Eugene Levy, Canadian actor, comedian and director

Bel Mooney, English broadcast journalist

December 18

Steve Biko, South African anti-apartheid activist (d. 1977)

Nina Škottová, Czech politician and member of the European Parliament

Steven Spielberg, American film director

December 19

Candace Pert, American neuroscientist

Robert Urich, American actor (d. 2002)

December 20

Lesley Judd, English television presenter

John Spencer, American actor (d. 2005)

Dick Wolf, American television producer

Uri Geller, Israeli illusionist

December 21

Brian Davison, Rhodesian cricketer and Tasmanian politician

Carl Wilson, American musician (d. 1998)

December 23

Edita Gruberová, Slovakian soprano

Susan Lucci, American actress

John Sullivan, English television scriptwriter (d. 2011)

December 24

Jan Akkerman, Dutch rock guitarist (Focus)

Roselyne Bachelot-Narquin, French politician and member of the European Parliament

Brenda Howard, American bisexual activist (d. 2005)

Jeff Sessions, American politician, and longtime Senator from Alabama since 1996; was considered for nominee Donald Trump's running mate for the 2016 election

December 25

Jimmy Buffett, American rock singer and songwriter

Larry Csonka, American football player

Gene Lamont, American baseball player and manager

December 27

Lenny Kaye, American guitarist

Janet Street-Porter, English broadcast journalist

December 28 – Edgar Winter, American rock musician

December 29

Marianne Faithfull, English singer and actress

Ruth Shady, Peruvian archaeologist

December 30

Patti Smith, American poet and singer

Berti Vogts, German football player and manager

December 31 – Diane von Fürstenberg, Belgian-American fashion designer

Date unknown

Tyler Burge, American philosopher

Jacques Hiron, French journalist and writer

Ada Mee, German artist

Kebby Musokotwane, Prime Minister of Zambia (d. 1996)

Afsaneh Najmabadi, Iranian historian and gender theorist

Pete Price, Merseyside radio disc jockey

Omar Al-Shammaa, Lebanese actor and voice actor

Rhie Won-bok, South Korean artist

January

January 3 – William Joyce, Irish-American World War II Nazi propaganda broadcaster known as "Lord Haw-Haw" (executed) (b. 1906)

January 4 – George Woolf, Canadian jockey (b. 1910)

January 5 – Kitty Cheatham, American singer (b. 1864)

January 6 – Slim Summerville, American actor (b. 1892)

January 8 – Dion Fortune, British writer (b. 1890)

January 9 – Countee Cullen, American poet (b. 1903)

January 10 – Harry Von Tilzer, American songwriter (b. 1872)

January 13 – Wilhelm Souchon, German admiral (b. 1864)

January 15 – Karl Nabersberg, German youth leader (b. 1908)

January 29

Harry Hopkins, American politician (b. 1890)

Adriaan van Maanen, Dutch–American astronomer (b. 1884)

February

February 2 – Rondo Hatton, American actor (b. 1894)

February 5 – George Arliss, English actor (b. 1868)

February 6 – Oswald Kabasta, Austrian conductor (suicide) (b. 1896 )

February 8

Felix Hoffmann, German chemist (b. 1868)

Miles Mander, English actor (b. 1888)

February 11 – Ludovic-Oscar Frossard, French socialist and communist politician (b. 1889)

February 15

Cornelius Johnson, American athlete (b. 1913)

Maliq Bushati, 15th Prime Minister of Albania (b. 1880)

February 17

Dorothy Gibson, American actress (b. 1889)

Benjamin I, Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople (b. 1871)

February 19 – Rafael Erich, 6th Prime Minister of Finland (b. 1879)

February 21 – Theodore Stark Wilkinson, American admiral (b. 1888)

February 23 – Tomoyuki Yamashita, Japanese general (executed) (b. 1885)

February 25 – René Le Grèves, French cyclist (b. 1910)

March

March 2 – George E. Stewart, American Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1872)

March 4 – Bror von Blixen-Finecke, Danish big-game hunter (b. 1886)

March 12 – Ferenc Szálasi, Hungarian military officer and fascist politician, Prime Minister of Hungary (executed) (b. 1897)

March 14 – Werner von Blomberg, German field marshal (b. 1878)

March 23 – Gilbert N. Lewis, American chemist (b. 1875)

March 24

Alexander Alekhine, Russian chess player (b. 1892)

Carl Schuhmann, German athlete (b. 1869)

March 26 – Ezequiel Fernández, 19th President of Panama (b. 1886)

March 31 – John Vereker, 6th Viscount Gort, British field marshal (b. 1886)

April

April 1

Noah Beery, Sr., American actor (b. 1882)

Edward Sheldon, American playwright (b. 1886)

April 2 – Kate Bruce, veteran silent screen actress, made many films with D. W. Griffith (b. 1858)

April 3

Alf Common, English footballer (b. 1880)

Masaharu Homma, Japanese general (executed) (b. 1887)

April 5 – Vincent Youmans, American composer (b. 1898)

April 8 – Bo Gu, 3rd General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (accident) (b. 1907)

April 14 – Otto Dowling, United States Navy Captain and the 25th Governor of American Samoa (b. 1881)

April 20 – Mae Busch, American actress (b. 1891)

April 21 – John Maynard Keynes, British economist (b. 1883)

April 22

Lionel Atwill, English actor (b. 1885)

Harlan F. Stone, Chief Justice of the United States (b. 1872)

May

May 1 – Bill Johnston, American tennis champion (b. 1894)

May 16

Bruno Tesch, German chemist and Nazi war criminal (executed) (b. 1890)

Karl Weinbacher, German manager and war criminal (executed) (b. 1898)

May 19 – Booth Tarkington, American novelist (b. 1869)

May 20 – Jacob Ellehammer, Danish inventor (b. 1871)

May 22 – Karl Hermann Frank, German Nazi official and war criminal (executed) (b. 1898)

May 27 – Henri Hauser, French historian, geographer, and economist (b. 1866)

May 31 – Picoğlu Osman, Turkish kemenche player (b. 1901)

June

June 1

Ion Antonescu, Romanian prime minister and dictator (executed) (b. 1882)

Leo Slezak, German tenor (b. 1873)

June 3 – Chen Gongbo, 2nd President of Republic of China during Nanjing regime (executed) (b. 1892)

June 5 – Maud Watson, English tennis player, first female Wimbledon champion (b. 1864)

June 6 – Gerhart Hauptmann, German writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1862)

June 9 – Ananda Mahidol (Rama VIII), King of Siam (assassinated) (b. 1925)

June 10 – Jack Johnson, African-American boxer (b. 1878)

June 12 – Hisaichi Terauchi, Marshal of the Imperial Japanese Army (b. 1879)

June 13 – Charles Butterworth, American actor (b. 1896)

June 14

Jorge Ubico, 21st President of Guatemala (b. 1878)

John Logie Baird, Scottish television pioneer (b. 1888)

Edward Bowes, American radio personality (b. 1874)

June 19 – Theodor Wulf, German physicist and Jesuit (b. 1868)

June 20 – Empress Wanrong China (b. 1906)

June 23 – William S. Hart, stage actor and silent film cowboy star (b. 1864/1865)

June 27

Juan Antonio Ríos, 24th President of Chile (b. 1888)

Wanda Gág, American artist, author, translator and illustrator (b. 1893)

June 28 – Antoinette Perry, American actress and director (b. 1888)

July

July – Howard Hyde Russell, American temperance advocate, founder of the Anti-Saloon League (b. 1855)

July 2

Mary Alden, American stage and screen actress (b. 1883)

Albert Sechehaye, Swiss linguist (b. 1870)

July 4

Jenny-Wanda Barkmann, German Nazi overseer at Stutthof concentration camp (executed) (b. ca. 1922)

Elisabeth Becker, German Nazi overseer at Stutthof concentration camp (executed) (b. 1923)

Wanda Klaff, German Nazi overseer at Stutthof concentration camp (executed) (b. 1922)

Ewa Paradies, German Nazi overseer at Stutthof concentration camp (executed) (b. 1920)

Gerda Steinhoff, German Nazi overseer at Stutthof concentration camp (executed) (b. 1922)

July 7 – Federico Laredo Brú, 8th President of Cuba (b. 1875)

July 8 – Orrick Glenday Johns, American writer (b. 1887)

July 12 – Ray Stannard Baker, American journalist and author (b. 1870)

July 13 – Alfred Stieglitz, American photographer (b. 1864)

July 15 – Razor Smith, English cricketer (b. 1877)

July 17 – Campbell Tait, Governor of Southern Rhodesia (b. 1886)

July 20 – Shiro Kawase, Japanese admiral (b. 1889)

July 21

Shefqet Vërlaci, 12th Prime Minister of Albania (b. 1877)

Gualberto Villarroel, 46th President of Bolivia (assassinated) (b. 1908)

July 22 – Edward Sperling, Russian-American-Jewish writer and Zionist (assassinated) (b. 1889)

July 27 – Gertrude Stein, American writer (b. 1874)

July 28 – Saint Alphonsa, Indian saint (b. 1910)

August

August 5 – Wilhelm Marx, Chancellor of Germany (b. 1863)

August 6

Blanche Bingley Hillyard, English tennis champion (b. 1863)

Tony Lazzeri, American baseball player (New York Yankees) and MLB Hall of Famer (b. 1903)

August 9 – Léon Gaumont, French film pioneer (b. 1864)

August 12 – Inayatullah Khan, former King of Afghanistan (b. 1888)

August 13 – H. G. Wells, English science fiction writer and historian (b. 1866)

August 20 – "Rags" Ragland, American comedian and actor (b. 1905)

August 26 – Jeanie MacPherson, American actress (b. 1887)

August 28 – Florence Turner, American actress (b. 1885)

August 29 – John Steuart Curry, American painter (b. 1897)

September

September 16

Henri Gouraud, French general (b. 1867)

James Hopwood Jeans, English physicist, astronomer and mathematician (b. 1877)

September 17 – Frank Burke, American baseball player (b. 1880)

September 25 – Heinrich George, German actor (b. 1893)

September 29 – Raimu, French actor (b. 1883)

September 30 – Takashi Sakai, Japanese general (executed) (b. 1887)

October

October 2 – Ignacy Mościcki, 2nd President of Poland (b. 1867)

October 4 – Barney Oldfield, American race car driver and automobile pioneer (b. 1878)

October 6 – Per Albin Hansson, Prime Minister of Sweden (b. 1885)

October 12 – Joseph Stilwell, American World War II general (b. 1883)

October 15 – Hermann Göring, German Nazi Reichsmarschall (suicide) (b. 1893)

October 16

Hans Frank, German Nazi Governor General of Poland (executed) (b. 1900)

Wilhelm Frick, German Nazi Minister of the Interior (executed) (b. 1877)

Alfred Jodl, German general and World War II Chief of the German armed forces (executed) (b. 1890)

Ernst Kaltenbrunner, German Nazi police general (executed) (b. 1903)

Wilhelm Keitel, German field marshal (executed) (b. 1882)

Joachim von Ribbentrop, German Nazi foreign minister (executed) (b. 1893)

Alfred Rosenberg, German Nazi ideologist (executed) (b. 1893)

Fritz Sauckel, German Nazi general plenipotentiary (executed) (b. 1892)

Arthur Seyss-Inquart, Austrian Nazi leader (executed) (b. 1892)

Julius Streicher, German Nazi propaganda publisher (executed) (b. 1885)

October 24 – Kurt Daluege, German Nazi officer and war criminal (executed) (b. 1897)

November

November 5 – Joseph Stella, Italian-American painter (b. 1877)

November 7 – Henry Lehrman, American actor (b. 1886)

November 11 – Nikolay Burdenko, Russian surgeon, founder of Russian neurosurgery (b. 1876)

November 14 – Manuel de Falla, Spanish composer (b. 1876)

November 18 – Donald Meek, Scottish actor (b. 1878)

November 24 – László Moholy-Nagy, Hungarian painter and photographer (b. 1895)

November 25 – George Gandy, American entrepreneur (b. 1851)

December

December 5 – Louis Dewis, Belgian Post-Impressionist painter (b. 1872)

December 7

Laurette Taylor, American actress (b. 1884)

Sada Yacco, Japanese stage actress (b. 1871)

December 10

Walter Johnson, American baseball player (Washington Senators) and MLB Hall of Famer (b. 1887)

Damon Runyon, American writer (b. 1880)

December 12 – Renée Falconetti, French actress (b. 1892)

December 13 – Curtis Hidden Page, New Hampshire politician (b. 1870)

December 14 – Tom Dowse, Irish major league baseball player in the 1890s (b. 1866)

December 23 – John A. Sampson, American gynecologist (b. 1873)

December 25

W. C. Fields, American actor and comedian (b. 1880)

Henri Le Fauconnier, French painter (b. 1881)

December 28 – Carrie Jacobs-Bond, American singer and songwriter (b. 1862)

Nobel Prizes

Physics – Percy Williams Bridgman

Chemistry – James B. Sumner, John Howard Northrop, Wendell Meredith Stanley

Physiology or Medicine – Hermann Joseph Muller

Literature – Hermann Hesse

Peace – Emily Greene Balch, John Mott