See also: 1925 in Australia, other events of 1926, 1927 in Australia and the Timeline of Australian history.
Monarch – King George V
Governor-General – Henry Forster, 1st Baron Forster of Lepe (until 8 October) then John Baird, 1st Viscount Stonehaven
Prime Minister – Stanley Bruce
Premier of New South Wales – Jack Lang
Premier of Queensland – William McCormack
Premier of South Australia – John Gunn (until 28 August), then Lionel Hill
Premier of Tasmania – Joseph Lyons
Premier of Victoria – John Allan
Premier of Western Australia – Philip Collier
Governor of New South Wales – Sir Dudley de Chair
Governor of Queensland – none appointed
Governor of South Australia – Sir Tom Bridges
Governor of Tasmania – Sir James O'Grady
Governor of Victoria – George Rous, 3rd Earl of Stradbroke (until 7 April), then Arthur Somers-Cocks, 6th Baron Somers (from 28 June)
Governor of Western Australia – Sir William Campion
19 April – The High Court of Australia finds in the case of Clyde Engineering Co Ltd v Cowburn that the Forty-Four Hours Week Act 1925 (NSW) was incompatible with Commonwealth legislation.
3 September – The Canberra Times is first published.
4 September – A federal referendum is held, containing two questions: Industry and Commerce and Essential Services. Neither question is passed.
13 September – Twenty-six people are killed in the Murulla railway accident.
Helen Wayth wins the first Miss Australia Quest
Ballerina Anna Pavlova tours Australia
Science and technology
22 June – The Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) is founded, the precursor to today's CSIRO (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation).
Arts and literature
William McInnes wins the Archibald Prize
18 September – South Sydney Rabbitohs defeat University, becoming premiers of the New South Wales Rugby Football League season 1926.
25 September – Melbourne defeat Collingwood 17.17 (119) to 9.8 (62) at the VFL grand final, becoming premiers of the 1926 VFL season.
2 November – Spearfelt wins the Melbourne Cup.
New South Wales wins the Sheffield Shield
7 January – Joe Marston, soccer player
4 February – Dave Sands, boxer
6 February – Bruce Ruxton, former soldier and president of the RSL (died 2011)
8 February – Tony Street, politician
16 February – Rayene Stewart Simpson, soldier and Victoria Cross recipient
6 March – Ray O'Connor, Premier of Western Australia (1982–1983)
15 March – Thelma Keane, wife of cartoonist Bil Keane and inspiration for the "Mommy" character in The Family Circus (died 2008)
2 April – Jack Brabham, racing driver
11 May – Frank Thring, actor (died 1994)
25 June – Kep Enderby, Esperantist and politician
4 July – Stuart Thomas Butler, nuclear physicist (died 1982)
12 July – Al Grassby, politician, Minister for Immigration
31 July – Jack Pollard, sports writer and cricket historian (died 2002)
5 August – Doug McClelland, politician
15 August — Ted Allsopp, race walker
8 September – Keith Adams, adventurer
18 September – Deirdre Jordan, academic and educator
11 October – Neville Wran, Premier of New South Wales (1976–1986)
20 October – Peter Durack, politician, Attorney-General
7 November – Joan Sutherland, opera singer (died 2010)
15 November – Ivor Greenwood, politician, Attorney-General (died 1976)
26 November – Tom Hughes, politician, Attorney-General
31 December – Billy Snedden, politician, Leader of the Liberal Party (died 1987)
9 January – William Henry Warren (born 1852), engineer
12 January – Sir Austin Chapman (born 1864), politician
27 April – Ada Cambridge (born 1844), author
30 April – Sir Tim Coghlan (born 1856), NSW state statistician
11 May – Hugh Dixson (born 1841), businessman and philanthropist
15 May – Joseph James Fletcher (born 1850), biologist
21 May – H. V. McKay (born 1865), inventor of the Sunshine harvester
4 June – Fred Spofforth (born 1853), cricketer
23 June – Henry Lowther Clarke (born 1850), Anglican archbishop of Melbourne
28 June – William Archibald (born 1850), South Australian politician
14 September – Charles Hedley (born 1862), naturalist
3 October – Samuel James Mitchell (born 1852), first Supreme Court of NT judge
11 December – Sir William McMillan (born 1850), politician
11 December – Gottlieb Schuler (born 1854), journalist
13 December – William Spence (born 1846), trade union leader and politician
1926 in Australia Wikipedia (Text) CC BY-SA