Highest winds 193 km/h | ||
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Formed September 12, 1876 (1876-09-12) Dissipated September 19, 1876 (1876-09-20) Lowest pressure 980 mbar (hPa); 28.94 inHg Areas affected Antigua, St. Kitts, Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico, Hispaniola, the Carolinas Date 12 September 1876 – 19 September 1876 Affected areas Puerto Rico, Hispaniola, Virgin Islands, Antigua Similar 1899 San Ciriaco hurricane, 1928 Okeechobee hurricane, 1932 San Ciprian hurricane, 1893 Sea Islands hurricane, Hurricane Edna | ||
San Felipe Hurricane was the second tropical cyclone of the 1876 Atlantic hurricane season. The storm was first observed east of the Leeward Islands on September 12, later intensifying to a category 3 hurricane while approaching Puerto Rico. In the upcoming days, the storm would making landfall on Hispaniola and Cuba, while also at hurricane intensity. Weakening to a tropical storm, it crossed the island until emerging over central Cuba, and passing just east of Florida. The storm re-intensified into a hurricane and struck near Wilmington, North Carolina as a minimal hurricane. Continuing inland, the San Felipe Hurricane gradually weakened over the United States, reaching near Cape Cod before dissipation on September 19. The San Felipe Hurricane was the only tropical cyclone in the season to result in fatalities, according to records of the season.
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Meteorological history
A hurricane was first observed east of the Leeward Islands on September 12, hitting the islands that night. It first passed through Antigua, St. Kitts, and the Virgin Islands. It strengthened on the next day to become a Category 3 hurricane, and hit Puerto Rico at that intensity on September 13; it entered by Yabucoa and Humacao at about seven in the morning and left the island through Mayagüez at 1:30 local time in the afternoon.
The minimum pressure that was measured in San Juan was about 29.20 inches of mercury (989 hPa) in the morning, with winds up to about 60 mph and rain at around 4.71 inches (120 mm). The hurricane maintained this intensity and made landfall on the eastern side of Puerto Rico. Shortly after landfall, the hurricane rapidly weakened to a Category 2 hurricane, then to a Category 1 hurricane after reemerging in the Atlantic. Again maintaining strength, the hurricane made landfall on the eastern tip of Dominican Republic with winds of 80 mph.
Impact
It is remembered in the hurricane history of the Antilles because the famous scientist and scholar Father Benito Viñes went to Puerto Rico from Cuba to conduct a study to calculate the damages of the hurricane. It was the first hurricane in which a rain gauge was used. San Felipe affected Puerto Rico for ten hours, killing nineteen people. Although there were 19 deaths reported, historians suspected the Spanish Government withheld the actual damage and death toll data for Puerto Rico. At least two drownings occurred in Onslow County, North Carolina. Flooding, damage to buildings, and uprooted trees were reported from Wilmington. A bridge across Market Street there was washed away. The storm was remembered as the "San Felipe Hurricane" because it struck on September 13, the feast day of Saint Philip. Exactly 52 years later, Puerto Rico was struck by Hurricane San Felipe Segundo.