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1865 in the United Kingdom

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1865 in the United Kingdom

Events from the year 1865 in the United Kingdom.

Contents

Incumbents

  • Monarch — Victoria
  • Prime Minister — The Viscount Palmerston (Liberal) (until 18 October), Lord John Russell (Liberal) (starting 29 October)

    • Events

  • April — Official opening of Crossness Pumping Station, a major landmark in completion of the new London sewerage system designed by Joseph Bazalgette for the Metropolitan Board of Works.
  • 28 May — The Mimosa sets sail, carrying Welsh emigrants to Patagonia.
  • June — Jumbo, a large African elephant, is transferred to London Zoo and becomes a popular attraction.
  • 4 June — The lyrics of the hymn "Onward, Christian Soldiers", written by Sabine Baring-Gould as "Hymn for Procession with Cross and Banners", are first sung by children processing to St Peter's Church, Horbury, in the West Riding of Yorkshire.
  • 9 June — Staplehurst rail crash in Kent: 10 killed, 49 injured; Charles Dickens is amongst the survivors.
  • 25 June — James Hudson Taylor founds the China Inland Mission at Brighton.
  • 29 June — New Poor Law Act improves conditions in workhouses.
  • July — General election won by the Liberal Party led by Lord Palmerston.
  • 2 July — The Christian Mission, later renamed The Salvation Army, is founded in Whitechapel, London by William and Catherine Booth.
  • 4 July — Lewis Carroll publishes his children's novel Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (first trade edition in December).
  • 5 July — First speed limit is introduced in Britain by the Locomotive Act — 2 mph in town and 4 mph in the country.
  • 14 July — A party led by Edward Whymper makes the first ascent of the Matterhorn.
  • 23 July — The SS Great Eastern departs on a voyage to lay a transatlantic telegraph cable.
  • September — John Henry Walsh (writing as 'Stonehenge' in the magazine The Field) gives the first definition of a dog breed standard (for the pointer) based on physical form.
  • 28 September — Elizabeth Garrett Anderson graduates as Britain's first woman doctor.
  • 9 to 20 October — Unsuccessful uprising against British rule in Morant Bay, Jamaica; 400 rebels executed.
  • 29 October — Lord John Russell becomes Prime Minister following the death of Lord Palmerston on 18 October.
  • 6 November — American Civil War: Surrender to HMS Donegal at Liverpool of the Confederate commerce raider CSS Shenandoah.
  • 11 November — Duar War with Bhutan ends with the Treaty of Sinchula, in which Bhutan cedes control of southern passes to Britain in return for an annual subsidy.
  • 26 November - Lewis Carroll, an author from Daresbury, Cheshire, publishes Alice in Wonderland, as per request from Alice Liddell
  • 16 December — Edward John Eyre, governor of Jamaica, dismissed and censured for his excessive actions during the suppression of the recent rebellion.

    • Undated

  • Francis Galton formulates eugenics.
  • James Clerk Maxwell publishes A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field.
  • Joseph Lister discovers the sterilising effects of carbolic acid.
  • Major outbreak of rinderpest in British cattle.
  • Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation founded in Hong Kong by Thomas Sutherland.
  • Gladiateur wins the English Triple Crown by finishing first in the Epsom Derby, 2,000 Guineas and St Leger.

    • Publications

  • Lewis Carroll's novel Alice's Adventures in Wonderland.
  • Charles Dickens' novel Our Mutual Friend (publication concludes).
  • Robert Smith Surtees' novel Mr. Facey Romford's Hounds (posthumous).
  • A. C. Swinburne's narrative poem Atalanta in Calydon.
  • Anthony Trollope's novel Can You Forgive Her? (publication concludes).

    • Births

  • 9 April — Adela Florence Nicolson ('Laurence Hope'), poet (suicide 1904)
  • 2 June — George Lohmann, cricketer (died 1901)
  • 3 June — Prince George of Wales, later George V (died 1936)
  • 15 July — Alfred Harmsworth, 1st Viscount Northcliffe, newspaper and publishing magnate (died 1922)
  • 12 October — Arthur Harden, chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1940)
  • 20 October — Sir Rhys Rhys-Williams, 1st Baronet, judge (died 1955)
  • 27 October — Tinsley Lindley, footballer (died 1940)
  • 4 December — Edith Cavell, nurse (executed 1915)
  • 30 December — Rudyard Kipling, writer, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1936)

    • Deaths

  • 6 February — Mrs Isabella Beeton, writer on household management and cookery (born 1836)
  • 11 March — Robert Hermann Schomburgk, explorer (born 1804 in Freiburg)
  • 2 April — John Cassell, publisher and entrepreneur (born 1817)
  • 30 April — Robert FitzRoy, meteorologist and admiral (born 1805; suicide)
  • 27 May — Charles Waterton, naturalist and explorer (born 1782)
  • 8 June — Joseph Paxton, gardener and architect (born 1803)
  • 25 July — Dr James Barry, military surgeon, revealed on death to be a woman, probably Margaret Ann Bulkley (born 1789-1799)
  • 12 August — William Jackson Hooker, botanist (born 1785)
  • 9 September — William Henry Smyth, astronomer and admiral (born 1788)
  • 18 October — Viscount Palmerston, Prime Minister (born 1784)
  • 1 November — John Lindley, botanist (born 1799)
  • 8 November — Thomas Sayers, boxer (born 1826)
  • 12 November — Mrs Elizabeth Gaskell, novelist and biographer (born 1810)

    • References

    1865 in the United Kingdom Wikipedia
    (Text) CC BY-SA