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1568

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1568

Year 1568 (MDLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Contents

January–June

  • January 6–January 13 – In the Eastern Hungarian Kingdom the Diet of Torda declares religious freedom firstly in Europe.
  • February 17 – Treaty of Adrianople (sometimes called the Peace of Adrianople): The Habsburgs agree to pay tribute to the Ottomans.
  • March 23 – The Peace of Longjumeau ends the Second War of Religion in France. Again Catherine de' Medici and Charles IX make substantial concessions to the Huguenots.
  • May 2 – Mary, Queen of Scots, escapes from Loch Leven Castle.
  • May 13 – Battle of Langside: The forces of Mary, Queen of Scots, are defeated by a confederacy of Scottish Protestants under James Stewart, Earl of Moray, her half-brother.
  • May 16 – Mary, Queen of Scots, flees to England.
  • May 19 – Queen Elizabeth I of England arrests Mary, Queen of Scots.
  • May 23 – Battle of Heiligerlee: Troops under Louis of Nassau, brother of William I of Orange, defeat a smaller loyalist force under the Duke of Arenberg in an attempt to invade the Northern Netherlands. This is effectively the start of the Eighty Years' War.

    • July–December

  • July 21 – Battle of Jemmingen: The main Spanish army of the Duke of Alva utterly defeats Louis of Nassau's invading army in the Northeastern Netherlands.
  • August 18 – The Third War of Religion begins in France after an unsuccessful attempt by the Royalists to capture Condé and Coligny, the Huguenot leaders.
  • September 23 – Battle of San Juan de Ulúa (Anglo-Spanish War): In the Gulf of Mexico, a Spanish fleet forces English privateers under John Hawkins to end their campaign.
  • September 29 – The Swedish king Eric XIV is deposed by his half-brothers John and Charles. John proclaims himself king John III the next day.
  • October 5 – William I of Orange invades the southeastern Netherlands.
  • October 20 – Battle of Jodoigne. Spanish forces under the Duke of Alva destroy Orange's rearguard. Orange abandons his offensive.

    • Date unknown

  • The Russo-Turkish War in Astrakhan begins.
  • Ashikaga Yoshiaki is installed as Shogun, beginning the Azuchi–Momoyama period in Japan.
  • Akbar the Great of the Mughal Empire besieges and captures the massive Chittorgarh Fort in northern India.
  • Polybius' "The Histories" first translated into English by Christopher Watson.
  • Huguenots besieged Chartres.
  • A Spanish expedition under Álvaro de Mendaña de Neira discovers the Solomon Islands

    • Births

  • January 6 – Henri Spondanus, French historian (d. 1643)
  • January 14 – Johannes Hartmann, German chemist (d. 1631)
  • January 20 – Daniel Cramer, German theologian (d. 1637)
  • January 28 – Gustav of Sweden, Swedish prince (d. 1607)
  • January 30 – Katharina of Hanau-Lichtenberg, Countess (d. 1636)
  • February 2 – Péter Révay, Hungarian historian (d. 1622)
  • February 11 – Honoré d'Urfé, French writer (d. 1625)
  • March 9 – Aloysius Gonzaga, Italian Jesuit and saint (d. 1591)
  • March 16 – Juan Martínez Montañés, Spanish sculptor (d. 1649)
  • March 28 – Johannes Polyander, Dutch theologian (d. 1646)
  • April 5 – Pope Urban VIII (d. 1644)
  • April 17 – George Brooke, English aristocrat (d. 1603)
  • April 21 – Frederick II, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp (d. 1587)
  • April 28 – Teodósio II, Duke of Braganza, Portuguese nobleman and father of João IV of Portugal (d. 1630)
  • May 9 – Guglielmo Caccia, Italian painter (d. 1625)
  • May 11 – Christian I, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg, German prince of the House of Ascania (d. 1630)
  • May 17 – Anna Vasa of Sweden, Swedish princess (d. 1625)
  • May 29 – Virginia de' Medici (d. 1615)
  • June 6 – Sophie of Brandenburg, Regent of Saxony (1591–1601) (d. 1622)
  • June 25 – Gunilla Bielke, Queen of Sweden (d. 1597)
  • July 1 – Philip Sigismund of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Roman Catholic bishop (d. 1623)
  • August 27 – Hercule, Duke of Montbazon (d. 1654)
  • September 3 – Adriano Banchieri, Italian composer (d. 1634)
  • September 5 – Tommaso Campanella, Italian theologian and poet (d. 1639)
  • October 2 – Marino Ghetaldi, Croatian mathematician and physicist (d. 1626)
  • October 18 – Henry Wallop, English politician (d. 1642)
  • November 18 – Augustus the Elder, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Lutheran Bishop of Ratzeburg (d. 1636)
  • December 17 – Jonathan Trelawny, English politician (d. 1604)
  • date unknown
  • Nikolaus Ager, French botanist (d. 1634)
  • John Welsh of Ayr, Scottish Presbyterian leader
  • Barnabe Barnes, English poet (d. 1609)
  • Edward Chichester, 1st Viscount Chichester (d. 1648)
  • Nakagawa Hidemasa, Japanese military leader (d. 1592)
  • Fernando de Alva Cortés Ixtlilxóchitl, Mexican historian (d. 1648)
  • Gervase Markham, English poet and writer (d. 1637)
  • Edward Somerset, 4th Earl of Worcester (d. 1628)
  • Henry Wotton, English author and diplomat (d. 1639)
  • Wei Zhongxian, Grand Secretary of China (d. 1627)

    • Deaths

  • January 15 – Catherine Carey, Chief Lady of the Bedchamber to Elizabeth I of England (b. c. 1526)
  • January 20 – Myles Coverdale, English Bible translator (b. c. 1488)
  • January 21 – Amato Lusitano, Portuguese physician (b. 1511)
  • January 26 – Lady Catherine Grey, Countess of Hertford (b. 1539)
  • February 15 – Hendrick van Brederode, Dutch reformer (b. 1531)
  • March 20 – Albert, Duke of Prussia (b. 1490)
  • May 23 – Jean de Ligne, Duke of Arenberg (b. 1528)
  • June 3 – Andrés de Urdaneta, Spanish friar (b. 1498)
  • June 5
  • Lamoral, Count of Egmont, Flemish statesman (b. 1522)
  • Philip de Montmorency, Count of Horn (b. c. 1524)
  • July 7 – William Turner, British ornithologist and botanist (b. 1508)
  • July 24 – Carlos, Prince of Asturias, son of Philip II of Spain (b. 1545)
  • August 21 – Jean Parisot de Valette, 49th Grandmaster of the Knights Hospitaller (b. 1495)
  • August 23 – Thomas Wharton, 1st Baron Wharton (b. 1495)
  • September 22 – Jöran Persson, Swedish politician (b. c. 1530) (executed)
  • September 26 – Leonor de Cisneros, Spanish Protestant (b. 1536)
  • October 3 – Elisabeth of Valois, Queen of Philip II of Spain (b. 1545)
  • October 14 – Jacques Arcadelt, Flemish composer (b. 1504)
  • October 28 – Ashikaga Yoshihide, Japanese shogun (b. 1538)
  • November 6 – Herman of Kazan and Svyazhsk, archbishop of Kazan and later Metropolitan of Moscow
  • December 23 – Roger Ascham, tutor of Elizabeth I of England (b. 1515)
  • December 31 – Shimazu Tadayoshi, Japanese warlord (b. 1493)
  • date unknown
  • Henry Sutton Dudley, English soldier and sailor (b. 1517)
  • Garcia de Orta, Portuguese Jewish physician (b. 1501)
  • Dirk Philips, early Anabaptist writer and theologian
  • Yan Song, Chinese prime minister (b. 1481)

    • References

    1568 Wikipedia
    (Text) CC BY-SA