Year 1351 (MCCCLI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
March 26 – Combat of the Thirty: Thirty picked knights each from the Kingdoms of France and England fight to determine who will rule the Duchy of Brittany as part of the War of the Breton Succession; a Franco-Breton victory is assured by the squire Guillaume de Montauban.
April 8 – Hundred Years' War: At the Battle of Taillebourg in Gascony, the French are defeated by the English.
May 1 – Zürich joins the Swiss Confederation.
King Ramathibodi I ascends the throne in Ayutthaya (now Thailand). He begins to propagate Theravada Buddhism as the state religion.
King Gongmin ascends the throne in Goryeo.
Emperor Go-Kōgon of Japan succeeds Emperor Sukō, making them the third and fourth of the Northern Ashikaga Pretenders, respectively.
The Statute of Laborers is enacted by the Parliament of England, to deal with a labor shortage caused by the Black Death.
Vantaa, Finland is first mentioned.
Firuz Tughlaq succeeds Mohammad Tughlaq as Sultan of Delhi.
The Mongolian-run Yuan dynasty of China is permanently weakened by an uprising known as the Red Turban Rebellion.
The Samma Dynasty in Sindh (now part of Pakistan) breaks away from the Delhi Sultanate.
The Turks cross the Dardanelles into Europe for the first time.
October 16 – Gian Galeazzo Visconti, first Duke of Milan (d. 1402)
November 1 – Leopold III, Duke of Austria (d.1386)
probable – Władysław II Jagiełło, Grand Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland (d. 1434)
February 13 – Kō no Morofuyu, Japanese general
March 20 – Muhammad bin Tughluq, Sultan of Delhi
March 25
Kō no Moronao, Japanese samurai
Kō no Moroyasu, Japanese samurai
May 24 – Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Othman, Sultan of Morocco (b. 1297)
June 20 – Margareta Ebner, German nun (b. 1291)
November 15 – Joanna of Pfirt, duchess consort of Austria
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