Year 1301 (MCCCI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
January 14 – Andrew III of Hungary dies, ending the Árpád dynasty in Hungary.
February 7 – Edward of Caernarvon (later King Edward II of England) becomes the first Prince of Wales.
March 3 – Emperor Go-Nijō succeeds Emperor Go-Fushimi on the throne of Japan.
November 1 – Charles, Count of Valois, enters Florence with the Black Guelphs, who in the next six days destroy much of the city, kill many of their enemies and install a new government under Cante dei Gabrielli da Gubbio as podestà, leading to permanent exile of Dante Alighieri from the city.
July 23 – Otto, Duke of Austria (d. 1339)
August 5 – Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent, English politician (d. 1330)
September 24 – Ralph de Stafford, 1st Earl of Stafford, English soldier (d. 1372)
October 7 – Grand Prince Aleksandr Mikhailovich of Tver (d. 1339)
date unknown
Prince Morikuni, Japanese shogun (d. 1333)
Ingeborg of Norway, princess consort and regent of Sweden (d. 1361)
William Montagu, 1st Earl of Salisbury, English nobleman (d. 1344)
Ni Zan, Chinese painter (d. 1374)
Nitta Yoshisada, Japanese head of the Nitta clan (d. 1338)
Hélie de Talleyrand-Périgord, French cardinal and diplomat of the Hundred Years' War (d. 1364)
January 14 – King Andrew III of Hungary (b. c. 1265)
September 3 – Alberto I della Scala, Lord of Verona
date unknown
Asukai Gayū, Japanese poet (b. 1241)
Dietrich I of Isenberg, count of Limburg
False Margaret, Norwegian pretender to Scottish throne (b. c. 1260)
Zahed Gilani, Grandmaster of the Zahediyeh Sufi Order (b. 1216)
King Leo I of Galicia (b. c. 1228)
Amaury de Montfort, Canon of York (b. 1243)
Violant of Aragon, queen consort of Castile (b. 1236)
probable – Jean I de Grailly, seneschal of Gascony
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