Kalpana Kalpana (Editor)

1285

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Year 1285 (MCCLXXXV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Contents

Africa

  • Mansa Sakura usurps the throne of the Mali Empire

    • Asia

  • April 25 – Mamluk sultan Al Mansur Qalawun begins a siege of the Crusader fortress of Margat (in modern-day Syria), a major stronghold of the Knights Hospitaller thought to be impregnable; he captures the fortress a month later.
  • June 14 – Trần Hưng Đạo leads Vietnamese forces in victory over an invading Mongol fleet of the Yuan dynasty at Chuong Duong.

    • Europe

  • January 6 – Archbishop Jakub Świnka orders all priests subject to his bishopry in Poland to deliver sermons in Polish rather than German, thus further unifying the Catholic Church in Poland and fostering a national identity.
  • April – Chios is captured by Venetian raiders from its Genoese lords. It is later retaken.
  • Easter – The Second Statute of Westminster is passed in England, reforming various laws; it includes the clause de donis conditionalibus, considered one of the fundamental institutes of medieval law in England.
  • September 4 – Roger of Lauria defeats King Philip III of France in a naval battle off Barcelona.
  • The writ Circumspecte Agatis, issued by King Edward I of England, defines the jurisdictions of church and state in England, thereby limiting the church's judicial powers to ecclesiastical cases only.

    • Arts

  • The English romantic poem The Lay of Havelok the Dane is written (approximate date).

    • Markets

  • First record of an emission of life annuities by the city of Lübeck. It is the first instance of issue of public debt in Germany and it confirms a trend of consolidation of local public debt over north-western Europe (see 1228).
  • The county of Champagne is integrated into the kingdom of France, the region loses its haven characteristics for foreign merchants and the fairs of Troyes quickly dwindle into economic insignificance.

    • Religion

  • April 2 – Pope Honorius IV succeeds Pope Martin IV, to become the 190th pope.
  • Council of Blachernae – The Eastern Orthodox Church repudiates the Union with the Roman Catholic Church in the Second Council of Lyon.

    • Births

  • March 9 – Emperor Go-Nijō of Japan (d. 1308)
  • May 1 – Edmund FitzAlan, 9th Earl of Arundel, English politician (d. 1326)
  • December 6 – King Ferdinand IV of Castile (d. 1312)
  • date unknown
  • Al-Nasr Muhammad, sultan of Egypt (d. 1341)
  • Ziauddin Barani, historian and political thinker of the Delhi Sultanate (d. 1357)
  • Patrick Dunbar, 9th Earl of Dunbar (d. 1369)

    • Deaths

  • January 7 – King Charles I of Naples (b. 1227)
  • March 28 – Pope Martin IV
  • May 13 – Robert de Ros, 1st Baron de Ros
  • May 20 – John II of Jerusalem, King of Cyprus (b. 1259)
  • July 7 – Tile Kolup, German impostor claiming to be Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor (executed)
  • August 16 – Philip I, Count of Savoy (b. 1207)
  • October 5 – King Philip III of France (b. 1245)
  • November 11 – King Peter III of Aragon (b. 1239)
  • date unknown
  • Daumantas, Grand Prince of Lithuania
  • Rutebeuf, French troubadour
  • Izz al-Din ibn Shaddad, Arab historian (b. 1217)

    • References

    1285 Wikipedia
    (Text) CC BY-SA


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