Supriya Ghosh (Editor)

1281

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Year 1281 (MCCLXXXI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Contents

Asia

  • August 12 – Battle of Kōan (Hakata Bay): The second Mongol invasion of Japan is foiled, as a large typhoon – famously called a kamikaze, or divine wind – destroys much of the combined Chinese and Korean fleet and forces, numbering over 140,000 men and 4,000 ships.
  • Kublai Khan orders the burning of sacred Taoist texts, resulting in the reduction in number of volumes of the Daozang (Taoist Canon) from 4,565 to 1,120.
  • The Mon kingdom of Haripunchai falls as its capital Lamphun (in present-day Thailand) is captured by King Mangrai's Lannathai kingdom.
    • Middle East
  • October 29 – Mamluk sultan Qalawun defeats an invasion of Syria by Mongol Ilkhan Abaqa Khan in the Second Battle of Homs.
  • Osman I, founder of the Ottoman Empire, becomes bey of the Sögüt tribe in central Anatolia; in 1299 he will declare independence from the Seljuk Turks, marking the birth of the Ottoman Empire.
  • An offensive by the Byzantine Empire significantly reduces the size of the Kingdom of Albania, as it recaptures land seized from the Despotate of Epirus by Charles I of Sicily 10 years earlier.

    • Europe

  • Pope Martin IV authorizes a Crusade against the newly re-established Byzantine Empire in Constantinople; French and Venetian expeditions set out toward Constantinople but are forced to turn back in the following year.
  • July – Niccolò Bonsignori heads a hundred of Ghibelline exiles in a failed attempt to topple the Sienese government.

    • Markets

  • Guy of Dampierre, count of Flanders, licenses the first Lombards merchants to open a changing business in his realm.

    • Religion

  • Pope Martin IV succeeds Pope Nicholas III as the 189th pope.

    • Births

  • Castruccio Castracani, duke of Lucca (d. 1328)
  • Yuri III Danilovich, Grand Prince of Russia (d. 1325)
  • Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster (d. 1345)
  • Hamdallah Mustawfi, Ilkhanid Iranian historian (d. 1349)
  • Rudolf I of Bohemia (d. 1307)

    • Deaths

  • February 16 – Gertrude of Hohenburg, queen consort of Germany (b. c.1225)
  • September 10 – John II, Margrave of Brandenburg-Stendal (b. 1237)
  • October 8 – Princess Constance of Greater Poland (b. c.1245)
  • December 24 – Henry V, Count of Luxembourg (b. 1216)
  • date unknown – Ertuğrul, father of Osman I (b. 1198)

    • References

    1281 Wikipedia
    (Text) CC BY-SA