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Europe
December 21 – Conrad III of Germany besieged Weinsberg, the stronghold of Welfs.
Henry Jasomirgott is made count palatine of the Rhine.
The town of Lanark in Scotland is made a Royal Burgh by David I of Scotland.
Marburg becomes a town.
The Assizes of Ariano are enacted by Roger II of Sicily.
Roger II of Sicily places the practice of medicine under royal control.
Religion
June 3 – Pierre Abelard is condemned for heresy by a church court in Sens, France.
September 8 – Sephardi Jewish philosopher Judah Halevi, having completed the Kuzari, arrives in Alexandria on a pilgrimage to Palestine.
The first Cistercian monastery in Spain is founded in Fitero. The order enjoys a rapid expansion in the region in the following 15 years.
Camaldolite monk Gratian founds the science of Canon law with the publication of the Decretum Gratiani.
February 2 – The Anarchy in the Kingdom of England – Battle of Lincoln: Robert, 1st Earl of Gloucester and Empress Matilda wrest control of the throne of England from King Stephen.
February 13 – Géza II is crowned King of Hungary and Croatia at age 11 in succession to his father.
May 14 – Sephardi Jewish philosopher Judah Halevi sets off from Alexandria on a pilgrimage to Palestine.
September 9 – Liao dynasty general Yelü Dashi, founder of the Kara-Khitan Khanate, defeats the Seljuk Empire and Kara-Khanid forces at the Battle of Qatwan.
September 14 – The Anarchy in the Kingdom of England – Rout of Winchester: Empress Matilda returns to the throne after Robert is captured by loyalist forces.
November 1 – The Anarchy in the Kingdom of England – Robert, 1st Earl of Gloucester is exchanged by Empress Matilda for King Stephen, who reassumes the throne of England.
November – The Jin dynasty and Southern Song dynasty sign the Treaty of Shaoxing and peace in the Jin–Song Wars lasts for the next twenty years. The Huai River is established as the boundary between them
The first German colonists (the future Transylvanian Saxon community) arrive in Transylvania, following grants by Andrew II of Hungary. The colonization process is completed in 1162.
The Italian winemaking company Ricasoli is founded.
Africa
Unable to feed its population during a famine, the emir of the great commercial center of Mahdia has to recognize the de facto protectorate of Roger II of Sicily.
Failed Norman raid against the city of Tripoli.
Asia
October 11 – The Treaty of Shaoxing between the Jin dynasty and Southern Song dynasty, ending the Jurchen campaigns against the Song dynasty in China is formally ratified when a Jin envoy visits the Song court.
3-year-old Emperor Konoe succeeds Emperor Sutoku on the throne of Japan.
Europe
Henry the Lion becomes Duke of Saxony.
Africa
Jijel taken by the Normans.
Failure of a Norman raid on Ceuta, but at the same time the Normans lead a successful assault against Sfax.
Asia
December 25 – Baldwin III is crowned King of Jerusalem, succeeding his father Fulk.
Europe
April 5 – Manuel I Comnenus becomes Byzantine Emperor.
July 1 – Battle of Wilton in England.
September 26 – Pope Celestine II succeeds Pope Innocent II as the 165th pope.
October 5 – Treaty of Zamora: Portugal is recognized by the Kingdom of León as an independent kingdom, although it had already functioned as one since the Battle of São Mamede in 1128.
Robert of Ketton makes the first European translation of the Qur'an into Latin.
The exploration of the uncharted eastern parts of Germany begins, and results in the founding of cities such as Lübeck.
During the summer the people of Rome revolt against the authority of the Pope and create a republican city-state comparable to that of the other Italian cities.
Africa
Death of the Catalan mercenary Reverter de La Guardia, main Almoravid commander in the Maghrid al-Aqsa. His elimination opens the regions to the troops of the Almohads.
Asia
December 24 – The County of Edessa falls to Zengi of Mosul (see Siege of Edessa). Raymond of Poitiers, Prince of Antioch, sends Bishop Hugh of Jabala to seek the aid of Pope Eugene III while Manuel I Comnenus brings Raymond under Byzantine influence.
Europe
Louis VII capitulates to Pope Celestine II and so earns the pope's absolution.
Normandy comes under Angevin control under Geoffrey of Anjou.
The city of Montauban, France, is founded.
The city of Ljubljana, Slovenia, is first mentioned in historical records.
Giordano Pierleoni founds the revolutionary Commune of Rome.
Failed Byzantine attempt to reconquer Malta.
Religion
March 12 – Pope Lucius II succeeds Pope Celestine II as the 166th pope.
March 22 – The first example of an anti-Semitic blood libel is recorded in England, in connection with the murder of William of Norwich.
June 11 – Basilica of St Denis near Paris in the Kingdom of France is consecrated, the first Gothic church.
The Priory in Lesmahagow, Scotland, is founded by Benedictines.
First Knights Templar stronghold is established in the kingdom of León and Castile.
Africa
Conquest of North Africa by the Almohads
The Banu Zayan of Tlemcen submit to the arriving Almohad armies.
The Merinids of Maghrib al-Aqsa attempt to resist the Almohads but are forced into the desert areas around the Tafilalt.
Oran falls to the Almohads.
Successful Norman raid against the Tripolitania region.
Asia
Estimation: Merv in the Seljuk Empire becomes the largest city of the world, taking the lead from Constantinople, capital of the Byzantine Empire.
Europe
February 15 – Pietro Bernardo Paganelli of Montemagno, Calci is elected as Pope Eugene III, and succeeds Pope Lucius II as the 167th pope.
Arnold of Brescia joins the revolutionary Commune of Rome, where he becomes its intellectual leader for the next decade.
Arts and culture
Kim Pusik and his team of historians finish the compilation of the Korean historical text Samguk Sagi.
Construction begins on Notre-Dame de Chartres Cathedral in Chartres, France.
Woburn Abbey is founded.
Religion
December 1 – Pope Eugene III issues the bull Quantum praedecessores, calling for the Second Crusade. At Christmas Louis VII of France announces his intention of making a pilgrimage which becomes part of the Crusade.
Africa
June 18 – George of Antioch conquers Tripoli, Libya for the king of Sicily.
The Almohad caliph Abd al-Mu'min conquers most of Morocco from the Almoravids.
Europe
March 1 – Pope Eugene III reissues the bull Quantum praedecessores of 1145 calling for the Second Crusade.
March 31 – Bernard of Clairvaux preaches the Second Crusade at Vézelay in Burgundy. Louis VII of France and his wife, Eleanor of Aquitaine, take up the cross. In a repeat of the events of 1096, Crusaders attack and massacre Jewish communities along the Rhine. Bernard de Clairvaux condemns these pogroms in strong terms, reminding the Crusaders that those who attacked the Jewish people during the previous Crusade came to a sorry end and were massacred to the last man by the Turks.
Ildeniz, atabeg of Azerbaijan founds a dynasty, being the first independent Turkish dynasty of Azerbaijan
The city of Bryansk is first mentioned in written records.
Genoese raid against the Muslim-held Balearic Islands. The Republic of Pisa protests officially, seeing the islands as rightfully theirs. The Genoese then proceed to lay siege to Almería, in vain.
While discussing the details of a military expedition against the Almoravids for the following year, the representative of the Republic of Genoa and the count of Barcelona reach a commercial agreement granting privileges to merchants of both nation in the Catalan and Ligurian ports.
The city of Quona is conquered by the Republic of Florence in a drive to expand its control over the surrounding countryside.
Markets
A rainy year causes the harvest to fail in Europe; one of the worst famines of the century ensues.
Africa
April – Abd al-Mu'min destroys the Almoravid Empire after capturing Marrakech and killing the last emir, Ishaq ibn Ali.
The Siculo-Normans take control of Gabes.
Asia
October 25 – Battle of Dorylaeum, the Seljuq Turks defeat German crusaders under Conrad III.
Europe
The Second Crusade begins.
=Eastern Europe=
June – The Wendish Crusade fails to convert most of the Polabian Slavs.
The cities of Moscow and Vologda are first mentioned in written records.
=Southern Europe=
July 1–October 25 – with the support of English and Flemish Crusaders, Afonso I of Portugal besieges and conquers Lisbon (Siege of Lisbon). The same year, the troops of the young Portuguese kingdom take Sintra and Santarém (Conquest of Santarém) and sack Palmela.
September – Arrival of the German contingent of the Second Crusade before Constantinople; after a battle before the city walls, the Germans accept to be ferried over the Bosporus to Asia.
Roger II of Sicily takes Corfu from the Byzantine Empire, and pillages Corinth, Athens and Thebes.
October 7 – Almería, one of the most important maritime and commercial centers of al-Andalus, falls into Christian hands after two months of siege.
The Almohad general Berraz ibn Mohammad al-Masufi conquers Seville.
Consecration of the church of San Frediano in Lucca
Religion
Dore Abbey is founded.
Hildegard of Bingen founds the convent of Rupertsberg near Bingen.
Foundation of Jedburgh Abbey by David I of Scotland
Taking advantage of internal strife and of a famine episod, George of Antioch takes Mahdia (June 22), Susa (July 1) and Sfax (July 12) in Tunisia in the name of Roger II of Sicily.
The Anglo-Flemish crusader fleet takes Oran.
Following the uprising of other cities of the region (Meknes, Sijilmasa) under al-Massati, the population of Ceuta rebels against the Almohads.
Saif-ud-din of Ghor defeats Bahram Shah at the Battle of Ghazni.
Siege of Damascus in the Second Crusade:
June – The Second Crusade reaches Jerusalem. They meet at the Council of Acre and decide to attack Damascus.
July 29 – The Siege of Damascus ends in failure for the Crusaders.
Anna Komnene writes the Alexiad, a biography of her father, Emperor Alexios I Komnenos.
King Afonso I of Portugal takes Abrantes from the Moors.
December 30 – Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona conquers Tortosa from the Moors.
Asia
June 29 – Battle of Inab: Nur ad-Din, atabeg of Aleppo, defeats the Principality of Antioch.
July 15 – Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem consecrated after reconstruction.
July 28 – The leaders of the Second Crusade take the decision to retreat.
Europe
April 8 – Pope Eugene III takes refuge in the castle of Ptolemy II of Tusculum.
October 24 – Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona conquers Lleida from the Almoravids after a siege of seven months as well as Fraga.
The Castle of Carimate is destroyed.
Åhus, in present-day Sweden, gains city right.
Markets
Genoa grants the benefits of a part of the city's fiscal revenues to a consortium of creditor called compera, the first example of the consolidation of public debt in medieval Europe.
1140s Wikipedia (Text) CC BY-SA
