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Elections to Wiltshire Council, a new unitary authority, were held on 4 June 2009.
The whole council of ninety-eight members was up for election, with each member to be elected in a single-member electoral division. None of the new electoral divisions was identical to any of the divisions or wards of the council's predecessors, Wiltshire County Council and the four district councils within its area, Kennet, North Wiltshire, Salisbury and West Wiltshire.
As with other county elections in England, these local elections in Wiltshire took place on the same day as the European elections of 2009. The Wiltshire County Council election, 2005, the last to the old county council, coincided with the general election of 2005, and the county elections of 1997 and 2001 had also coincided with general elections.
Reorganization
Wiltshire's "two tier" system of local government until 2009 was typical of English shire counties, with the county, excluding the pre-existing unitary authority of Swindon, being sub-divided into four local government districts. However, the Department for Communities and Local Government announced on 25 July 2007 that with effect from 1 April 2009 Wiltshire was to be served by a new unitary authority, replacing Wiltshire County Council and the four district councils within its area, with Swindon continuing as a separate unitary authority.
Although the new authority came into being on 1 April 2009, the date on which the four district councils ceased to exist, the first elections to the new council were not held until 4 June. For some two months, the role of elected members of the new authority was carried out by the 48 outgoing Wiltshire county councillors and by an "Implementation Executive" consisting of eight members appointed from the outgoing county council and two members from each of the outgoing districts.